The Role of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orientation for New Product Development Performance in Manufacturing Firms

The overall purpose of this article is to examine the relationships between two strategic orientations and performance in new product development. The first orientation considered is market orientation; the second one considered is entrepreneurial orientation, which reflects a firm’s propensity to innovate, to be proactive, as well as its willingness to take risks. Drawing upon a sample of 224 mid-sized manufacturing firms, multiple regressions with and without interaction terms were used for testing seven hypotheses. The results show that a market orientation and innovativeness were positively related to performance in new product development, while proactiveness and risk taking show no such relationship. The results also show that neither product characteristics nor environmental characteristics moderate these relationships. In terms of implications, our results suggest that contradictory and to some extent paradoxical capabilities are needed to increase performance in new product development, and that the different components of an entrepreneurial orientation do not impact new product development performance equally.     

Anders Lindstedt

Abstract

När Presidenten And. Lindstedt den 16 maj 1939 gick bort, blev vårt land en storman fattigare. En livsgärning av betydande mått hade slutförts. Många äro de omraden, som befruktats genom hans klara intellekt och konstruktiva förmåga. För de flesta är han väl närmast känd som den svenska socialförsäkringens skapare. Men även för den lagstiftning, som reglerar det enskilda försäkringsväsendents ekonomiska förhållanden, ha Lindstedts insatser varit grundläggande. Den nuvarande organisationen av den högre tekniska undervisningen i vårt land är i stor utsträckning hans verk. Åt de matematiska vetenskaperna och särskilt den celesta mekaniken ägnade han i yngre dagar flera djupgående undersökningar.     

Einzelbesprechungen

Ohne ZusammenfassungÜbersetzt von Erich AllinaÜbersetzt von Dr. Erich Schiff, Wien.Aus dem Russischen übersetzt von Dr. Alexander Gerschenkron.Übersetzt von Paul Brüll, Wien.Deutsche Übersetzung von Erich Allina.     

Einzelbesprechungen

Ohne ZusammenfassungÜbersetzt von Erich Schiff, Wien.Übersetzt von Paul Brüll, Wien     

Conceptualizing dysfunctional consequences of performance measurement in the public sector

ABSTRACT

Performance measurement (PM) has become increasingly popular in the management of public sector organizations (PSOs). This is somewhat paradoxical considering that PM has been criticized for having dysfunctional consequences. Although there are reasons to believe that PM may have dysfunctional consequences, when they occur has not been clarified. The aim of this research is to conceptualize the dysfunctional consequences of PM in PSOs. Based on complementarity theory and contingency theory we conclude that dysfunctional consequences of PM are a matter of interactions between PM design and PM use, between control practices in the control system and between PM and context.     

How entrepreneurship could be promoted after the collapse of a socialist economic system

The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical observations from postcommunist countries to suggest which policy sets applied make most sense for the promotion of micro-enterprises. Three overall conclusions can be drawn. First, an early, comprehensive and radical reform is the superior approach for the promotion of entrepreneurship, because the prevalence of rent seeking interests is so easily established and it is so difficult to break. The second conclusion, however, is that a certain space for small enterprises can be created even in a very corrupt economy dominated by severe rent seeking. A third conclusion is that the Russian deregulation of 2002 represents the worst of all worlds, because all its elements were incremental.     

Structural change and technological development

It is important for our understanding of sectoral and regional structural change to analyze the R & D-activities. In this paper we show that R & D should be analyzed as an endogenous, intermediate, public investment variable rather than as ordinary capital investment. The allocation of resources for R&D cannot be decentralized regionally or sectorally but should preferably be decided on as a problem of optimal taxation. It is shown that the optimal rate of taxation for R&D is determined by possibilities of substitution between ordinary capital investments and R&D, by the propensity to invest and by the productivity of the R&D- producing sector. A dynamic model with accessibility representation of knowledge is finally formulated. This interregional R&D-model also has equilibrium growth properties. The equilibrium rate of growth of all regions of this model can be raised by decreasing any interregional distance or by raising any regional propensity to invest.