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151.
This paper uses affiliate‐level data from Swedish multinationals to examine the impact of tax treaties on both overall affiliate sales and the composition of those sales. In line with previous results, we find little evidence for an effect of treaties on the level of total sales. We do, however, find that a tax treaty increases the probability of investment by a firm in a given country. In addition, we find that a treaty reduces exports to the parent but increases imports of intermediate inputs from the parent. This is consistent with treaties increasing the effective host tax. This suggests that tax treaties impact the behaviour of multinationals along some dimensions but not along others. 相似文献
152.
Numeracy of Africans,Asians, and Europeans during the early modern period: new evidence from Cape Colony court registers 下载免费PDF全文
The lack of accurate measures of human capital formation often constrains investigations into the long‐run determinants of growth and comparative economic development, especially in the developing world. Using the reported ages of criminals in the Court of Justice records in the Cape Archives, this article documents for the first time numeracy levels and trends for inhabitants of the Cape Colony born between the late seventeenth and early nineteenth century: the native Khoesan, European settlers, and imported slaves from other African regions and Asia. This variety of origins allows us to compare contemporaneous levels of early modern development across three continents. By isolating those slaves born at the Cape, we also provide a glimpse into the dynamics of human capital transfer in a colonial setting. The Colony's relatively high level of human capital overall had implications for what was later to be the richest country on African soil, but the very unequal attainment of numeracy also foreshadowed extreme income inequality. 相似文献
153.
Networks and small business growth: An explanatory model 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
To date, there has been limited empirical research related to network theory. With this article, we have tried to fill this gap by testing an explanatory model of the impact of networks on small business growth. To analyze this causal relationship, the log-linear technique was used. The results suggest that networks have an influence on the growth of a small business, especially through contacts with national and international entrepreneurs. 相似文献
154.
This paper takes its point of departure in an article by Stevens [Stevens, B.: 1994, Journal of Business Ethics 54, 163–171], in which she identified a lack of knowledge regarding how corporate codes of ethics are communicated and affect behavior in organizations. Taking heed of this suggested gap, we review studies on corporate codes of ethics with an empirical content, published since 1994. The conclusion of the review is that we still lack knowledge on how codes work, how they are communicated and how they are transformed inside organizations. Stevens’ plea could even be extended, arguing that the knowledge gap might be of even more significance than in the mid-1990s. Some directions for how this situation can be approached in future studies are outlined in the paper. 相似文献
155.
This paper analyses the changes in agricultural performance in Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet republics
since the start of the transition process. We provide a conceptual framework for the evolution of productivity and efficiency
measures and link this evolution to the issue of factor abundance taking into account specific transition characteristics.
We document the changes in agricultural performance using empirical data on the evolution of partial productivity and total
factor productivity estimates and we illustrate how productivity varies between countries at various stages of the transition
process. Over the past twenty years, virtually all transition countries witnessed an initial decline in productivity, and
virtually all countries currently witness an increase in productivity. However, the depth and length of the initial decline
differs enormously between countries. Our analysis indicates that the productivity changes were related to the extent of the
pre-reform distortions, initial resource endowments and technology use, and the reform implementation in the countries. 相似文献
156.
Johan Arndt 《Journal of Business Research》1980,8(3):389-402
Perspectives for a theory of marketing are outlined. Both the so-called marketing and broadened marketing concepts are inadequate conceptualizations of the marketing process. A theory of marketing should be formulated at the macro rather than the micro level and emphasize the positive rather than the normative problem-solving dimensions of the subject matter. 相似文献
157.
158.
Johan Fourie 《Development Southern Africa》2008,25(4):481-494
In South Africa the emphasis, both in research and in policy-making, seems to be more on the quantity of infrastructure than on improving its quality. This research note critically analyses the lack of quality indicators in quantitative infrastructure research, with the aim of redirecting attention to improving the quality of infrastructure in South Africa. 相似文献
159.
The aim of sampling coordination is to maximize or minimize the overlap between several samples drawn successively in a population that changes over time. Therefore, the selection of a new sample will depend on the samples previously drawn. In order to obtain a larger (or smaller) overlap of the samples than the one obtained by independent selection of samples, a dependence between the samples must be introduced. This dependence will emphasize (or limit) the number of common units in the selected samples. Several methods for coordinating stratified samples, such as the Kish & Scott method, the Cotton & Hesse method, and the Rivière method, have already been developed. Using simulations, we compare the optimality of these methods and their quality of coordination. We present six new methods based on permanent random numbers (PRNs) and microstrata. These new methods have the advantage of allowing us to choose between positive or negative coordination with each of the previous samples. Simulations are run to test the validity of each of them. 相似文献
160.
Dipl.-Kfm Bernhard Hirsch Univ.-Prof. Dr. Friederike Wall Mag. Johan Attorps 《Controlling & Management》2001,45(2):73-79
Zur Beurteilung von Prozessen werden von Unternehmen unterschiedliche Kriterien herangezogen. Die beschriebene Untersuchung zeigt u.a., dass die Kundenzufriedenheit am h?ufigsten als Beurteilungskriterium verwendet wird. Oft gebraucht werden auch Prozesskosten und die Prozesszeit. 相似文献