全文获取类型
收费全文 | 141927篇 |
免费 | 3312篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 26570篇 |
工业经济 | 11980篇 |
计划管理 | 22640篇 |
经济学 | 30461篇 |
综合类 | 1495篇 |
运输经济 | 1005篇 |
旅游经济 | 2597篇 |
贸易经济 | 24303篇 |
农业经济 | 6386篇 |
经济概况 | 17553篇 |
信息产业经济 | 10篇 |
邮电经济 | 241篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 857篇 |
2020年 | 1671篇 |
2019年 | 2454篇 |
2018年 | 2467篇 |
2017年 | 2639篇 |
2016年 | 2840篇 |
2015年 | 2149篇 |
2014年 | 3481篇 |
2013年 | 15799篇 |
2012年 | 4332篇 |
2011年 | 4427篇 |
2010年 | 3887篇 |
2009年 | 4500篇 |
2008年 | 4092篇 |
2007年 | 3476篇 |
2006年 | 3754篇 |
2005年 | 3714篇 |
2004年 | 3260篇 |
2003年 | 3065篇 |
2002年 | 3008篇 |
2001年 | 2750篇 |
2000年 | 2689篇 |
1999年 | 2562篇 |
1998年 | 2412篇 |
1997年 | 2470篇 |
1996年 | 2315篇 |
1995年 | 2095篇 |
1994年 | 2093篇 |
1993年 | 2102篇 |
1992年 | 2140篇 |
1991年 | 2028篇 |
1990年 | 1887篇 |
1989年 | 1729篇 |
1988年 | 1668篇 |
1987年 | 1665篇 |
1986年 | 1763篇 |
1985年 | 2544篇 |
1984年 | 2388篇 |
1983年 | 2192篇 |
1982年 | 2061篇 |
1981年 | 1984篇 |
1980年 | 1963篇 |
1979年 | 1894篇 |
1978年 | 1689篇 |
1977年 | 1668篇 |
1976年 | 1423篇 |
1975年 | 1308篇 |
1974年 | 1233篇 |
1973年 | 1200篇 |
1972年 | 911篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
951.
J. Keilson 《Statistica Neerlandica》1981,35(1):49-55
It has been shown [2] that for any ergodic birth-death process the p.d.f. of Ton , the passage time from the reflecting state 0 to any level n is log-concave and hence strongly unimodal. It is also known (cf [2]) that the p.d.f. of Tn, n+1 or Tn+1, n for such a process is completely monotone and hence unimodal. It has been conjectured that the p.d.f. for the passage time Tmn between any two states is unimodal. An analytical proof of the result is presented herein, based on underlying renewal structure and methods in the complex plane. It is further shown that the p.d.f. of Tmn can always be written as the convolution of two p.d.f.s, one completely monotone and the second PF and hence log-concave. 相似文献
952.
A bstract In his 1915 essay "The Opportunity of Japan," Thorstein Veblen theorized that traditionai Japanese institutions would undergo evolutionary change as Japan exploited borrowed industrial technology and became integrated into the global business enterprise system. This article explains the recent liberalization of Japanese financial markets which followed Japan's rise to economic prominence within the context of Veblen's theory of institutional development of the enterprise system. The Japanese process of financial deregulation is reviewed, Veblen's predictions Japan are presented and an explanation provided for the liberalization of Japanese financial markets . 相似文献
953.
A. Bajt 《Economics of Planning》1991,24(1):1-12
Kornai's thesis that shortage results from demand expansions bred by the soft budget constraint, derives from his implicit assumption that price regimes of input and output firms are different. Since any firm is both an input and an output firm, which discards the assumption as logically untenable, excess demand can only turn up because of lower than contracted inputs of labor and management that are not offset by an adequate downward adjustment of earnings. Expansions of demand that appear to be autonomous, are incited by uncertain deliveries of inputs, that is, by inefficiency (of output firms) as well. A by far the largest part of excess demand can be explained by state preferences for fast growth. As planners are more successful in generating investment, and the ensuing consumer, demand than in expanding production, shortage is inevitable regardless of the character of the firms' budget constraints. 相似文献
954.
This article attempts to measure the level of profit inefficiency of Indian farms using a stochastic profit function. In the process, the degree of misallocation of inputs and nonoptimal supply of output is also estimated. Likelihood ratio tests allow division of total observations into two groups-large and small farms. Results indicate that both groups are profit-inefficient due to misallocation of inputs and undersupply of output. However, small farms are less profit inefficient than their larger counterparts. Within each group relatively larger farms are less inefficient.The editor for this paper was Lennart Hjalmarsson. 相似文献
955.
956.
The significance of learning to productivity growth is formulated within a dynamic adjustment-cost framework. Explicitly treating the acquisition of knowledge as a firm-specific capital good entering the production function along with other conventional inputs, the dynamic optimization model integrates the learning-by-doing hypothesis with technical change, scale, and disequilibrium input use effects in the aggregate productivity analysis. The theoretical framework is applied to examining the dynamic components accounting for the growth of U.S. production agriculture over the 1950–82 period. The results imply a less important role for technical change and assign a substantial role to the previously unmeasured contribution of learning-by-doing to the growth of aggregate agriculture industry.The editor for this paper was Melvyn Fuss. 相似文献
957.
John M. Barron Mark A. Loewenstein Dan A. Black 《Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control》1984,8(3):265-275
The paper analyzes the employment policy of a firm that can vary both hours and the level of employment. The analysis differs from previous work in the adjustment cost literature in that the firm is able to change its employment not only through hires, layoffs, and quits, but also by recalls of employees who were previously laid off. Thus, we introduce the possibility of the firm inventorying the labor input. It is shown that this labor inventory potential is necessary if the firm is to ever lay off workers. Further, it is demonstrated that linear rather than strictly convex adjustment costs are then required if the firm is to always recall employees who were previously laid off prior to hiring new workers. 相似文献
958.
John H. Beck 《Journal of urban economics》1983,13(2):127-146
In previous discussions it has been argued that tax competition between local governments results in a tax burden on business that is less than the cost of public services for business and in suboptimal levels of public expenditures for residents. However, this conclusion has never been substantiated by a full theoretical treatment. Here a theoretical model of tax competition is developed between metropolitan areas, with labor perfectly immobile and two local public goods, one for residents and one for business. For “plausible” parameter values, numerical solutions of the optimality conditions are computed by means of a nonlinear programming algorithm. 相似文献
959.
Abstract . The economic performance and the political history of Botswana during 1974-84 contrasted significantly with the experience of virtually every other African country. The South African republic, immediately north of the Republic of South Africa, achieved steady real economic growth with improved social services and provision for its people's basic needs. This was achieved in spite of world recession and drought because its mineral wealth Was reserved for the people and mining companies had to pay for the privilege of extracting that wealth through a tax program limited to appropriating its surplus, while assuring the investors and entrepreneurs an adequate long-term return on capital and enterprise. But sound macroeconomic policies failed to provide even reasonably equitable benefits for the majority of the people. Sound micropolicies are needed to widen access to employment and earned income and to asset accumulation. 相似文献
960.
Previous studies of human service facility spillovers on residential property values have been inconclusive, and have failed to take into account the effects of racial segmentation of housing markets. Likewise, studies of racial discrimination in urban housing markets and price differentials between white and nonwhite areas of the city have failed to consider the impacts of service facilities on prices. This study develops an hedonic price model of housing services in a racially segmented housing market, which considers a variety of human service facilities and their spillover effects. Model results for Oakland, California in 1976 indicate that facilities significantly affect housing prices both positively and negatively, and that these effects vary by racial submarket. Implications of these findings for the interpretation of past discrimination studies, facility impact studies, and social policy are considered. 相似文献