全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10714篇 |
免费 | 297篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 2035篇 |
工业经济 | 1036篇 |
计划管理 | 1765篇 |
经济学 | 2417篇 |
综合类 | 137篇 |
运输经济 | 80篇 |
旅游经济 | 207篇 |
贸易经济 | 1930篇 |
农业经济 | 559篇 |
经济概况 | 838篇 |
信息产业经济 | 3篇 |
邮电经济 | 4篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 58篇 |
2021年 | 51篇 |
2020年 | 126篇 |
2019年 | 160篇 |
2018年 | 173篇 |
2017年 | 206篇 |
2016年 | 216篇 |
2015年 | 145篇 |
2014年 | 218篇 |
2013年 | 1387篇 |
2012年 | 280篇 |
2011年 | 394篇 |
2010年 | 276篇 |
2009年 | 341篇 |
2008年 | 321篇 |
2007年 | 329篇 |
2006年 | 328篇 |
2005年 | 302篇 |
2004年 | 271篇 |
2003年 | 303篇 |
2002年 | 302篇 |
2001年 | 265篇 |
2000年 | 235篇 |
1999年 | 229篇 |
1998年 | 238篇 |
1997年 | 225篇 |
1996年 | 202篇 |
1995年 | 171篇 |
1994年 | 155篇 |
1993年 | 184篇 |
1992年 | 161篇 |
1991年 | 159篇 |
1990年 | 133篇 |
1989年 | 119篇 |
1988年 | 121篇 |
1987年 | 102篇 |
1986年 | 122篇 |
1985年 | 189篇 |
1984年 | 205篇 |
1983年 | 168篇 |
1982年 | 167篇 |
1981年 | 157篇 |
1980年 | 161篇 |
1979年 | 154篇 |
1978年 | 111篇 |
1977年 | 108篇 |
1976年 | 101篇 |
1975年 | 77篇 |
1974年 | 99篇 |
1973年 | 57篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 484 毫秒
191.
John Thornton 《Economics Letters》1996,50(3):413-416
Cointegration and Granger-causality tests show that real exports and real GDP in Mexico over 1895–1992 were cointegrated and there was a significant and positive Granger-causal relationship running from exports to economic growth. 相似文献
192.
This paper contributes to the literature on integovernmental competition in two ways. First, the institutional setting within which public services are delivered is analyzed with respect to the impact on the quality of services provided. Previous studies have measured competition only in terms of governmental structure, ignoring the issue of service quality and the potential for differentiating local governmental jurisdictions along quality dimensions. Second, the outcome of competition is defined in terms of service quality. Previous studies generally have measured the outcome of competition by examining the fiscal effects of fragmentation and accountability through service costs or tax revenue impacts. School districts were used to empirically test quality competition. Student academic performance was modeled as a function of control variables and the degree of competition from neighboring school districts. Academic performance in public schools was positively associated with the performance of neighboring districts, although the effect was small. These findings, however, suggest that strategies to strengthen interjurisdictional competition may be useful in enhancing public service quality. 相似文献
193.
The substantively rational value of the games studied in this paper does not help predict subject performance in the experiment at all. An accurate model must account for the cognitive ability of the people playing the game. This paper investigates whether the variation in measured rationality bounds is correlated with the probability of winning when playing against another person in games that exceed both players’ estimated rationality bound. Does seeing deeper into a game matter when neither player can see to the end of the game? Subjects with higher measured bounds win 63 percent of the time and the larger the difference the more frequently they win. 相似文献
194.
This paper uses the experimental method to investigate behavior in a coordination game when the information available to subjects
is limited to their feasible choices and their experienced payoffs. In the experiment subjects converge to an absorbing state
at rates that are orders of magnitude faster than reinforcement learning algorithms, but slower than under complete information.
This state is very close to a mutual best response outcome. All cohorts converged to the market statistic predicted by the
interior equilibrium regardless of the information conditions or the stability conditions.
Eric Battalio programmed the graphical user interface. The National Science Foundation and Texas Advanced Research Program
provided financial support. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those
of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the Texas Advanced Research
Program. 相似文献
195.
We examine the effects of public ownership and regulatory agency independence on regulatory outcomes in EU telecommunications.
Specifically, we study regulated interconnect rates paid by entrants to incumbents. We find that public ownership of the incumbent
positively affects these interconnect rates, and suggest that governments influence regulatory outcomes in favor of incumbents
in which they are substantially invested. However, we also find that the presence of institutional features enhancing regulatory
independence from the government mitigates this effect. In order to study regulatory independence, we introduce a new cross-country
time-series database—the European Union Regulatory Institutions (EURI) Database. This database describes the development of
institutions bearing on regulatory independence and quality in telecommunications in the 15 founding EU member states from
1997 to 2003
*We thank Laurent Pipitone for superb research assistance. Geoff Edwards thanks the Sasakawa Foundation and the Institute
of Management, Innovation and Organization at the Haas School of Business for generous financial assistance, and London Business
School for non-financial support. Leonard Waverman thanks the Global Communications Consortium for support 相似文献
196.
John Tschirhart 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2003,5(2-3):193-214
Synopsis: The oft-cited analogies between ecological and economic systems are exploited to develop a many-species model of
population dynamics. In economies, markets are the fundamental institutions in which the interaction of demands and supplies
determine the quantities and prices of goods. However, economic markets are not appropriate for ecological communities, because
markets rely on voluntary exchange, whereas plants and animals engage in involuntary transfers of biomass. A properly defined
counterpart to markets based on biomass transfers permits a general equilibrium model of predator/prey and competitive interactions
in a many-species community. Functional response from optimal foraging and predation risk provide the demand and supply, respectively,
in the biomass transfers. Energy per unit time is scarce and predators and prey make optimum choices with respect to functional
response and risk avoidance based on required energy expenditures. The energy expenditures are similar to economic prices:
they determine foraging strategies and are beyond the control of the predators and prey, yet they are determined by the aggregate
choices of all predators and prey and by population densities. The energies acquired from foraging are used in a new way to
construct difference equations that determine the population dynamics.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
197.
International benchmarking has played a key role in the reform of Australia's infrastructure industries by promoting indirect or yardstick competition, in highlighting the need for further reform and building a consensus for implementing necessary changes. The international benchmarking of infrastructure performance by the Bureau of Industry Economics (BIE) between 1991 and 1996 did much to focus attention on the need for change. The BIE examined the performance of eight infrastructure industries relative to international best practice: electricity, rail freight, telecommunications, the waterfront, road freight, coastal shipping, aviation and gas supply. Performance comparisons concentrated on indicators of price, service quality, labour productivity and capital productivity. This paper reviews and summarises the performance comparisons the BIE undertook over the last three years of its infrastructure benchmarking program. The BIE international benchmarking program provides a useful role model for other countries wanting to seriously pursue reform of their infrastructure industries. 相似文献
198.
199.
Housing deterioration can develop in spatial-temporal patterns which are compatible with the operation of localized externalities if deteriorated structures exert negative effects on the condition of nearby structures or if structures are affected by unfavorable conditions which are endemic to entire neighborhoods. The pattern of housing deterioration in space and time is examined, using a time series of housing condemnations for Indianapolis. A non-linear logit model with a spatial-temporal lag structure is used to analyze the association between the occurence of new condemnations and the location of existing condemned structures. The model predicts the probability that a housing condemnation occurs within a given time period as a function of the numbers of condemned structures in the same area and adjoining areas at the beginning of the time period. The size of the areas is flexible and an appropriate scale for the process is identified by varying the size of the areas. 相似文献
200.