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131.
132.
133.
Timothy C. Ford Jonathan C. Rork Bruce T. Elmslie 《Review of International Economics》2008,16(1):96-113
The United States has experienced a dramatic increase in foreign direct investment (FDI) in recent years. While foreign firms bring immediate benefits of high‐paying jobs, data limitations have prevented detailed study on FDI's long‐term effects on the states receiving it. By creating a new stock measure of FDI based on employment, we are able to capture these long‐term effects. Results demonstrate that FDI has a greater impact on per capita output growth than domestic investment for US states that meet a minimum human capital threshold. Ironically, the most active states in the recruitment of FDI tend to fall below this threshold. 相似文献
134.
SstefanM.Knupfer RussellK.Richmond JonathanD.VanderArk 《三联竞争力》2005,38(4):88-88
为了自身的利益,美国的经销商和制造商能够而且必须联合起来。 相似文献
135.
Robert Kaplan 《董事会》2009,(3):97-97
在经济衰退时期,许多经理的本能反应是削减公司各个层面的支出。由于没有对短期运营性支出和长期战略性支出加以区分,这种“一刀切”的削减行为很可能会铸成大错。我们认为,除非衰退已经威胁到公司的生存,否则经理们应该专注于寻找并克服公司运营的无效率,而不是牺牲公司的战略性项目,因为后者决定着公司的长期竞争力。 相似文献
136.
Project motivation is a key aspect to a successful project, yet few studies exist that shed light on this important subject. This article reviews the current literature and theoretical aspects of motivation and provides an analysis of the data. A survey was conducted by soliciting project managers to tell how they perceive their ability to influence motivation. In total, 115 certified project managers responded to the survey. A discussion and suggestions for future research follow the data. 相似文献
137.
Abortion Access and Risky Sex Among Teens: Parental Involvement Laws and Sexually Transmitted Diseases 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laws requiring minors to seek parental consent or to notifya parent prior to obtaining an abortion raise the cost of riskysex for teenagers. Assuming choices to engage in risky sex aremade rationally, parental involvement laws should lead to lessrisky sex among teens, either because of a reduction of sexualactivity altogether or because teens will be more fastidiousin the use of birth control ex ante. Using gonorrhea rates amongolder women to control for unobserved heterogeneity across states,our results indicate that the enactment of parental involvementlaws significantly reduces risky sexual activity among teenagegirls. We estimate reductions in gonorrhea rates of 20% forHispanics and 12% for whites. Although we find a relativelysmall reduction in rates for black girls, it is not statisticallysignificant. We speculate that the racial heterogeneity hasto do with differences in family structure across races. 相似文献
138.
Abstract . Although they are leading institutions in the world of modern development finance, the multilateral development banks have not been very explicit in outlining the development theories upon which they base their loan operations. This paper assesses the utility of the three prime theories employed by these institutions: the project approach, the macroeconomic (gap theory) approach, and the social welfare (or income distribution) approach. It indicates the questions to which each approach addresses itself, and it indicates weaknesses and theoretical inadequacies of each as a primary or sole development tool. Only a balanced and careful use of all these sometimes contradictory approaches will permit the multilateral lending institutions to fulfill their multifaceted obligations. 相似文献
139.
The current expansion has seen record-high levels of
transactions in housing, extraordinary growth in the aggregate
value of owner-occupied housing, and large increases
in the amount of funds realized from the
refinancing of mortgage debt. Many analysts thus have
pointed to the strong housing market and rising home
prices as a major pillar supporting recent economic growth
and have expressed concern that a contraction in housing activity and values could pose a significant risk to consumer
spending and real economic growth. This paper explores
the channels by which the housing market may
affect consumer spending and assesses the potential risk
from a softening in the housing market. Our assessment is
that while a housing slowdown by itself may slow consumer
spending some, it is probably insufficient to precipitate
a downturn without some additional shocks outside of
the sector.
JEL Classification E21,R21 相似文献
140.
John Murray Jonathan Elms Christoph Teller 《International Review of Retail, Distribution & Consumer Research》2015,25(5):473-489
The role and influence of esthetics in the consumption of store environments remains poorly understood. Little is known about how esthetics propose substantial or adjunctive roles in consumers’ store experiences. The aim of this paper is to examine consumer perceptions of store design-architecture in high and low-level design contexts. Building on the esthetics, and environmental psychology literatures, our findings confirm consumers’ determinations of perceptual differences in the esthetic content contained in presented store environmental stimuli. Latent means comparisons confirm consumers’ perceptions of the presence of a high-level design in one fast-fashion store with a low-level design of a second store of the same retailer using a Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The results demonstrate the reliability and validity of the proposed constructs in confirming the presence of higher and low-levels of design. This research, thus, expands on the extant number of store specification and response constructs and prospectively opens up new lines of store environments research. 相似文献