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排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
981.
Herbert Mannel 《Heilberufe》2011,63(6):10-12
Patientenindividuelle Verblisterung - Eine hohe Arzneimittelsicherheit für Patienten, Bewohner und Pflegende, therapiegerecht
und lückenlos dokumentiert – verblisterte Medikamente erleichtern nicht nur die Compliance und verbessern somit die Heilungschancen
von Patienten. Das Pflegepersonal profitiert gleicherma?en. Denn es bleibt ihm mehr Zeit für die individuelle Betreuung der
Bewohner. Das zumindest versprechen die Blisterzentren. 相似文献
982.
Using data aggregated from seven papers that study repeated play in standard ultimatum games with either stranger or absolute
stranger matching, we show that the behavior of responders changes with experience. High offers are more likely to be accepted
with experience and low offers are more likely to be rejected. At the individual level, there is a negative relationship between
the likelihood that a given offer is accepted and the size of the preceding offer. We compare the results with predictions
generated by static models of distributional preferences, implicitly dynamic models of preferences with reciprocity, and explicitly
dynamic models of adaptive learning. The data is most consistent with models of preferences with reciprocity. 相似文献
983.
This paper investigates pricing issues in class-based networks. Classes of packets having lower impatience and longer average
delay receive monetary compensations. The inter-class price differential is determined by the inter-class compensations. The
paper also presents rules for allocating network resource to each class. The corresponding payoff (disutility share) for each
class is driven by the Shapley Value of the associated cooperative game. 相似文献
984.
985.
In this paper we extend the standard approach of horizontal tax competition by endogenizing the timing of decisions made by the competing jurisdictions. Following the literature on the endogenous timing in duopoly games, we consider a pre-play stage, where jurisdictions commit themselves to move early or late, i.e. to fix their tax rate at a first or second stage. We highlight that at least one jurisdiction experiments a second-mover advantage. We show that the Subgame Perfect Equilibria (SPEs) correspond to the two Stackelberg situations yielding to a coordination problem. In order to solve this issue, we consider a quadratic specification of the production function, and we use two criteria of selection: Pareto-dominance and risk-dominance. We emphasize that at the risk-dominant equilibrium the less productive or smaller jurisdiction leads and hence loses the second-mover advantage. If asymmetry among jurisdictions is sufficient, Pareto-dominance reinforces risk-dominance in selecting the same SPE. Three results may be deduced from our analysis: (i) the downward pressure on tax rates is less severe than predicted; (ii) the smaller jurisdiction leads; (iii) the ‘big-country-higher-tax-rate’ rule does not always hold. 相似文献
986.
Why does the rate of population growth decline in the face of economic growth? We show that growing product variety may induce a permanent reduction in the demand for children and a continuous rise in income and consumption. 相似文献
987.
Population aging has spurred developed countries around the world to reform their PAYG pension systems. In particular, delaying legal retirement ages and reducing the generosity of pension benefits have been widely implemented changes. This paper assesses the potential success of these policies in the case of the Spanish economy, and compares them with the results obtained by the (rather modest) reforms already implemented in 1997 and 2001. This evaluation is accomplished in a heterogeneous-agent dynamic general equilibrium model where individuals can adjust their retirement ages in response to changes to the pension rules. We check the ability of the model to reproduce the basic stylized facts of retirement behavior (particularly the pattern of early retirement induced by minimum pensions). The model is then used to explore the impact of pension reforms. We find that already implemented changes actually increase the implicit liabilities of the system. In contrast, delaying the legal retirement age and extending the averaging period in the pension formula to cover most of the individual's life-cycle can reduce the implicit liabilities substantially. These findings reveal the failure of the Spanish political system to distribute the costs of population aging more evenly across the generations. 相似文献
988.
Charles H. Cho Martin L. Martens Hakkyun Kim Michelle Rodrigue 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,104(4):571-587
Astroturf organizations are fake grassroots organizations usually sponsored by large corporations to support any arguments
or claims in their favor, or to challenge and deny those against them. They constitute the corporate version of grassroots
social movements. Serious ethical and societal concerns underline this astroturfing practice, especially if corporations are
successful in influencing public opinion by undertaking a social movement approach. This study is motivated by this particular
issue and examines the effectiveness of astroturf organizations in the global warming context, wherein large corporate polluters
have an incentive to set up astroturf organizations to undermine the importance of human activities in climate change. We
conduct an experiment to determine whether astroturf organizations have an impact on the level of user certainty about the
causes of global warming. Results show that people who used astroturf websites became more uncertain about the causes of global
warming and humans’ role in the phenomenon than people who used grassroots websites. Astroturf organizations are hence successful
in promoting business interests over environmental protection. In addition to the multiple business ethics issues it raises,
astroturfing poses a significant threat to the legitimacy of the grassroots movement. 相似文献
989.
Entrepreneurship,export orientation,and economic growth 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper the relationship between a country’s prevalence of new ventures and its rate of economic growth is investigated,
while taking into account new ventures’ export orientation. It is generally acknowledged that new venture creation as well
as export activity may both be important strategies for achieving national economic growth. However, to our knowledge no attempt
has been made to investigate empirically the role of export-driven new ventures in economic growth. We focus on the national
level and use data for a sample of 34 countries over the period 2002–2008. Our results suggest that, on top of a positive
relation between entrepreneurial activity in general and subsequent macroeconomic growth, there is an additional positive
effect of export-oriented early-stage entrepreneurship in higher-income countries. However, there is no such additional effect
in lower-income countries. 相似文献
990.
Alexander Krammer Bernd Heinrich Matthias Henneberger Florian Lautenbacher 《Business & Information Systems Engineering》2011,3(6):345-358
Service-oriented architectures are widely discussed as a design principle for application and enterprise architectures. Nevertheless,
an adequate granularity of services has not yet been researched sufficiently from an economic perspective. The finer the granularity
to realize the functions of a process, the higher the number of services is, and the more effort has to be directed towards
composing them. In contrast, very coarse-grained services bear the disadvantages of higher implementation costs and lower
reuse potential (e.g., in different processes). The aim of the decision model proposed in this paper is to determine an adequate
granularity of services from an economical perspective. Thus, degrees of freedom, which often exist for the choice of granularity
after a domain analysis, can be leveraged to realize a cost-efficient solution. We illustrate the applicability and practical
benefits of the decision model with an example from the context of a financial services provider. 相似文献