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51.
The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 requires audit committees of public companies’ boards of directors to install an anonymous
reporting channel to assist in deterring and detecting accounting fraud and control weaknesses. While it is generally accepted
that the availability of such a reporting channel may reduce the reporting cost of the observer of a questionable act, there
is concern that the addition of such a channel may decrease the overall effectiveness compared to a system employing only
non-anonymous reporting options. The rationale underlying this concern involves the would-be reporter’s likelihood of reporting,
the seriousness with which the organization treats an anonymous report, and the organization’s ability to thoroughly follow-up
the report. Thus, we explore the extent to which the availability of an anonymous reporting channel influences intended use
of non-anonymous reporting channels. Further, in response to Sarbanes–Oxley and the environment of financial scandals that
led to its passage, many firms are strengthening their internal audit departments, and providing them with greater independence
from upper management’s direct control. Accordingly, our examination tests whether the intended use of the internal audit
department as an internal reporting channel is greater when the internal audit department is of “high” versus “low” quality.
Finally, the study investigates intended reporting behavior across three different cases (e.g., settings).
Results show that the existence of an anonymous channel does reduce the likelihood of reporting to non-anonymous channels,
that generally the internal audit department quality does not affect reporting to non-anonymous channels, and that case-setting
affects the type of channel to be used. Implications from the study are discussed. 相似文献
52.
Joseph Zeira 《Journal of Economic Growth》2011,16(2):135-156
This paper presents a model of innovations and endogenous economic growth with two main assumptions: first, the cost of searching
for innovations differs across innovations, and second, innovations take time to find. The paper shows that given these two
assumptions together, competition leads to patent races and to duplication of innovative activity. The paper then shows that
duplication significantly reduces the effect of scale on growth. It also shows that competitive R&D creates too much research
on easy innovations, and too little research on the difficult ones. Finally, the paper shows that risk sharing might increase
duplication and reduce growth. 相似文献
53.
约瑟夫·E·斯蒂格利茨 《经济理论与经济管理》2011,(10):5
本文对始自里根和撒切尔夫人主政时期的私有化浪潮提出了批评和质疑。本文认为,以解决政府失灵问题的私有化浪潮,可能导致更为严重的市场失灵问题。虽然在总体上私有企业比国有企业有更强的盈利能力,但这并不意味着私有企业比国有企业更有效率。即使能够证明私有企业比国有企业更有效率,也不能说私有化是可取的。 相似文献
54.
55.
Qinghua Zhu Yong Geng Joseph Sarkis Kee-hung Lai 《Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review》2011,47(6):808-821
Green supply chain management (GSCM) has become an emergent ecological modernization tool amongst Chinese manufacturers to balance environmental performance with productivity and business performance gains. Ecological modernization at the society level is influenced by restructuring policies and regulations. Some of these policies and regulations in China are focusing on enhancing energy savings and pollution reduction (ESPR). Based on a survey of 376 responses, we investigate whether different Chinese manufacturer clusters varying in their extent of implementing GSCM exist from this ecological modernization perspective. We also examine if Chinese manufacturers’ awareness of domestic and international environmental ESPR-oriented compliance is related to GSCM implementation and whether a mediating effect of regulatory pressure plays a significant role. The results highlight the varying pace of Chinese manufacturers to ecologically modernize with GSCM practices and the significance of regulatory pressure to diffuse the practices adoption by Chinese manufacturing industry. Implications of this research go beyond the manufacturers investigated in this study where similar occurrence of these relationships may exist in other regions. 相似文献
56.
Sang Hoo Bae Joseph Sarkis Chung Sik Yoo 《Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review》2011,47(6):793-807
The greening of organizational transportation fleets, especially trucks and automobiles, has gained increasing attention by companies in a variety of industrial sectors. The reasons for this concern and attention are due to regulatory and competitive pressures, but also increasing costs of fossil-fuels. Surprisingly the amount of research and modeling for fleet management overall has been rather limited, with the focus on managing green vehicle investments virtually non-existent. In this study we develop a two-stage game theoretic model that helps evaluate, from both policy and organizational perspectives, the implications of greening of transportation fleets. Various parameters are evaluated including factors such as innovations in green vehicle technology, levels of service differences, cost of fuel, adjusting tax policy, regulatory compliance requirements, and adaptation costs. This evaluation provides practical insights into actions that could be considered by regulators and organizations to encourage environmental investments. 相似文献
57.
58.
Michael D. Giebelhausen Stacey G. Robinson J. Joseph CroninJr. 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2011,39(6):889-905
A truism in the marketing literature, and among many marketing practitioners, is that requiring consumers to wait negatively
impacts quality evaluations, purchase intentions and a range of other important outcomes. However, it is also true that consumer
waiting or queuing has historically been considered from an operations perspective. The present research takes a different
approach and examines waits in the context of their ability to function as a signal of quality. Four experiments demonstrate
a required wait can indeed signal quality to consumers and increase, rather than decrease, both purchase intentions and actual
experienced satisfaction. Three moderators of this effect are examined: preexisting knowledge, consumption motivations, and
the extent to which quality is difficult to objectively determine. The results suggest in situations where quality is important,
unknown or ambiguous, managers may increase consumer satisfaction by making consumers wait. 相似文献
59.
Green marketing strategies: an examination of stakeholders and the opportunities they present 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. Joseph CroninJr Jeffery S. Smith Mark R. Gleim Edward Ramirez Jennifer Dawn Martinez 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2011,39(1):158-174
As green marketing strategies become increasingly more important to firms adhering to a triple-bottom line performance evaluation,
the present research seeks to better understand the role of “green” as a marketing strategy. Through an integration of the
marketing, management, and operations literatures, an investigative framework is generated that identifies the various stakeholders
potentially impacted through the environmentally friendly efforts of a firm. Specifically, the inter-connected nature of the
core business disciplines of marketing, management (both strategy and human resources), and operations are examined as controllable
functions within an organization from which strategies can be enacted to affect a firm’s stakeholders. The prior research
in these areas is examined to identify potential research opportunities in marketing while also offering a series of representative
research questions that can help guide future research in marketing. 相似文献
60.
Joseph P. Joyce 《Open Economies Review》2011,22(5):875-895
Bank crises in emerging economies have been a feature of the recent global crisis, and their incidence has increased in the
post-Bretton Woods era. This paper investigates the impact of financial globalization on the incidence of systemic bank crises
in 20 emerging markets over the years 1976–2002 using measures of de facto and de jure financial openness. An increase in foreign debt liabilities contributes to an increase in the incidence of crises, but foreign
direct investment and portfolio equity liabilities have the opposite effect. A more liberal de jure capital regime lowers the incidence of banking crises, while a regime of fixed exchange rates increases their frequency.
The results of the econometric analysis is consistent with the experience of East European and central Asian emerging markets,
which attracted a relatively large proportion of capital flows in the form of debt in recent years and have been particularly
hard hit by the global financial crisis. 相似文献