Eye-Tracking im Einzelhandel - Ein Leitfaden für die Blickaufzeichnung

Die Frage, welche Artikel wo im Regal platziert werden sollten, l?sst sich nicht allein mit Abverkaufsdaten beantworten. Vielmehr gilt es zu untersuchen, wie sich Kunden vor dem Regal verhalten und wie sie die Warenplatzierungen wahrnehmen. Ein Instrument dafür ist das Eye-Tracking. Die Blickaufzeichnung erlaubt es, das Such- und Orientierungsverhalten am Regal mit den Augen der Kunden zu sehen. Um aussagekr?ftige Ergebnisse aus einer Eye-Tracking-Studie zu erhalten, sind bestimmte Anforderungen zu erfüllen. Ein Leitfaden.     

中国上市公司股权结构与总经理变更

研究上市公司股权结构、业绩与总经理的强制性变更和正常性变更的关系。可以发现,总经理的变更,特别是强制性变更作为最极端的约束手段,能够约束业绩差的总经理;国家股比例、流通股比例和大股东比例与总经理的强制性变更和正常性变更都不具有任何显著的相关性,这说明在国有股“所有者缺位”、流通股比例过低,市场投机气氛浓重的情况下,国家股东、流通股东以及大股东无法有效地监管经理人;而经理人持股比例与总经理的强制性变更和正常性变更之间具有非常显著的负相关性,证明了中国上市公司的“内部人控制”现象。     

Assessing the returns to R&D on perennial crops: the costs and benefits of Pierce's disease research in the California winegrape industry

Several complicating issues arise in evaluating the returns to research into varietal improvements for perennial crops compared with annual crops. We elucidate and address these issues in the context of a case study of research aiming to develop varieties that are resistant to Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevines. PD imposes costs of over $100 million per year on the California grape industry, even with public PD control programs in place. Research projects to develop PD resistant varieties of grapevines are at various stages of completion. We describe the economic problems posed by PD, document the research programs undertaken to address the disease and present an economic assessment of the returns to the investment, which are conditional on other policies. Using a simulation model of the market for California winegrapes, we estimate the benefits from research, development and adoption of PD‐resistant vines as ranging from $4 million to $129 million annually over a 50‐year horizon, depending on the length of the R&D lag and the rate of adoption. In addition to these specific quantitative results the paper offers insight into the broader question of economic evaluation of damage‐mitigation technology for perennial crops.     

Using GIS to visualise and evaluate student travel behaviour

Using GIS to evaluate travel behaviour is an important technique to increase our understanding of the relationship between accessibility and transport demand. In this paper, the activity space concept was used to identify the nature of participation in activities (or lack of it) amongst a group of students using a 2 day travel-activity diary. Three different indicators such as the number of unique locations visited, average daily distance travelled, and average daily activity duration were used to measure the size of activity spaces. These indicators reflect levels of accessibility, personal mobility, and the extent of participation, respectively. Multiple regression analyses were used to assess the impacts of students socio-economic status and the spatial characteristics of home location. Although no differences were found in the levels of accessibility and the extent of participation measures, home location with respect to a demand responsive transport (DRT) service was found to be the most important determinant of their mobility patterns. Despite being able to travel longer distances, students who live outside of the DRT service area were found to be temporally excluded from some opportunities. Student activity spaces were also visualised within a GIS environment and a spatial analysis was conducted to underpin the evaluation of the performance of the DRT. This approach was also used to identify the activity spaces of individuals that are geographically excluded from the service. Evaluation of these results indicated that although the service currently covers areas of high demand, 90% of the activity spaces remained un-served by the DRT service. Using this data six new routes were designed to meet the coverage goal of public transport based on a measure of network impedance based on inverse activity density. Following assessment of public transport service coverage, the study was extended using a spatial multi criteria evaluation (SMCE) technique to assess the effect of service provision on patronage.     

The Internet,Strategy and Performance: A Study of Australian Export Market Ventures

ABSTRACT

This study examines the impact of the Internet, firm-specific characteristics, market characteristics, and export marketing strategy on export marketing performance. The unit of analysis was an individual product/market export venture. Data were gathered via a self-administered mail survey of 315 Australian firms involved in exporting. The findings indicate that, when the Internet was used for communication purposes and to provide the firm with a competitive advantage, it had a significant impact on export marketing performance. Firm-specific characteristics and export marketing strategy also had a significant impact on export marketing performance.     

A note on corporate strategy and capital structure

The relationships between capital structure and corporate strategy in previous U.S. and Australian empirical studies, which use different definitions of capital structure, and hence have different functional relationships, are considered. A model using the U.S. specification with the Australian data is estimated, for which previous conclusions relating to profit are confirmed. The relationship between strategy and capital structure is thus shown to be less than robust. The conclusion that debt/equity ratios of highly diversified firms are more strongly affected by firm-level variables is supported. An explanation that the capital market rewards focused firms because they are easier to understand and price is offered.     

The Labour Government and the National Health Service

This paper reviews the performance of the National Health Serviceunder the Labour government of Tony Blair. It shows that therehave been some dramatic increases in resources going into theservice, but also that these do not seem to be delivering theimprovements in activities that might have been expected. Thepaper argues that this is partly because of capacity constraints,but also because the mixture of organizational forms introducedby the government has resulted in misdirected and conflictingincentive structures for the key actors.     

A Note on Ranking Real Estate Research Journals

An understanding of how thirty real estate journals are perceived for promotion and tenure and for professional applicability was sought by surveying members of the two most important real estate academic organizations. Several subgroup comparisons were made revealing some common perceptions but a significant amount of disagreement as well. Among findings robust across the surveyed community were that the Journal of the American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association (changed to Real Estate Economics in 1995) is the most important outlet for promotion and tenure and the Appraisal Journal is the most important outlet for professional applicability. Two distinct journal groupings emerged: an academic group composed of eight journals and a professional group of twenty.