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261.
Miguel Brozos-Vázquez Marco Antonio Campo-Cabana José Carlos Díaz-Ramos Julio González-Díaz 《Journal of Mathematical Economics》2008
In this paper we bring a novel approach to the theory of tournament rankings. We combine two different theories that are widely used to establish rankings of populations after a given tournament. First, we use the statistical approach of paired comparison analysis to define the performance of a player in a natural way. Then, we determine a ranking (and rating) of the players in the given tournament. Finally, we show, among other properties, that the new ranking method is the unique one satisfying a natural consistency requirement. 相似文献
262.
263.
The aim of this article is to analyze the responsibilities of Spanish households, as final consumers, for the generation of domestic greenhouse gases emissions (GHG), by region of residence, distinguishing between NUTS 1 and NUTS 2 (autonomous regions). The motivation is the process of convergence experimented by Spanish regions based on the strong economic growth experienced by the country until 2008, which could results in different emissions responsibilities because of different lifestyles and production structures. We examine in depth the relationships between a representative household in each region and its patterns of consumption. Although we do find a relationship between per capita income and regional responsibility for pollution generation, it is based on a demand scale effect, which overlaps the effects of the regional consumption patterns. Thus, in the richest regions (Madrid, Northeast, East), despite their having a less polluting pattern than other regions, the level of per capita embodied emissions is higher, due to their higher level of consumption. This scale effect, and the linkages between regional responsibilities for emissions and household consumption patterns are analyzed using linear models based on Social Accounting Matrices. The basis of the estimations is the regional emission intensity (average emission per euro spent by each type of regional home). 相似文献
264.
Social capital has proven to be a useful concept, but has not been well-measured in the economics literature. We motivate
and demonstrate the application of latent class models to measure social capital, based on the idea that social capital is
an unobservable multidimensional construct. We explain and show the construction of latent classes that measure an individual’s
social capital using data from the General Social Survey. Our method generates meaningfully different conclusions about the
accumulation of social capital than those obtained by previous research. We present evidence that higher income influences
social capital accumulation because of a higher opportunity cost of time. We also find evidence of complementarities in social
capital accumulation within an individual’s peer group. Finally, we show that community heterogeneity influences the likelihood
that individuals adhere to certain social norms independent of their propensity to participate in voluntary organizations. 相似文献
265.
Julio García del Junco José Manuel Brás-dos-Santos 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2009,7(2):135-162
Little research has analyzed the similarities or differences between entrepreneurs from different European Union countries.
The European Union is a single market, but also an international business arena where the entrepreneurs from any member state
can make their first move in the direction of internationalizing their business. This work presents an exploratory study of
the personal values and attitudes of European entrepreneurs based on a cross-cultural analysis of entrepreneurs from Germany,
Italy, and Spain. The analysis uses Hofstede’s model to study the cultural and social values of these entrepreneurs, and their
personal values have emerged from case studies. The results show that the entrepreneurs of the three different nationalities
share a similar pattern of personal values. These findings are discussed and proposals for further empirical research suggested.
相似文献
José Manuel Brás-dos-SantosEmail: |
266.
The late 2000s’ economic recession is considered the longest economic downturn since the 1930s Great Depression. Declining real estate values ignited an increase in loan defaults and mortgage foreclosures that led to a surge of bank failures at a rate not experienced by the U.S. banking industry since the 1980s. A total of 509 bank failures were recorded by the FDIC from January 2007–December 2014, with nearly 60% of these failures occurring in 2009 and 2010. In contrast, there were only 24 bank failures in the U.S. during the 7-year period prior to 2007. This study analyzed certain components of operating decisions made by banks that either survived or became critically insolvent during the late 2000s financial crisis using an Input Distance Stochastic Frontier function to estimate the technical efficiency (TE) and allocative efficiency (AE) between agricultural banks and non-agricultural banks. This efficiency analysis was applied to a 7-year pre-recession period and is designed to final out any early warning signals that decrease the efficiency level of banks. Results suggest that survival banks were more technically efficient than critically insolvent banks, and banks’ tendency to utilize cheaper inputs were more likely to stand the economic crisis. 相似文献
267.
Julio?PindadoEmail author Luis?Rodrigues 《Financial Markets and Portfolio Management》2005,19(4):343-359
This paper provides international evidence on financial distress costs. To achieve this aim, we have developed a model where
financial distress costs are determined, on the one hand, by making use of a more accurate indicator of the probability of
financial distress and, on the other, by a set of variables that, according to financial theory, explain the magnitude of
the costs borne by a firm in the case of financial distress. Our results reveal the relevance of our improved indicator of
the probability of financial distress, since it positively affects financial distress costs in all the countries analyzed.
Furthermore, since our model controls for the probability of financial distress, we can test the trade-off between the benefits
and costs of debt. This allows us to verify that the benefits debt outweigh the costs. Our results also indicate that distress
costs are negatively related to liquid assets; hence, their benefits more than offset their opportunity costs. 相似文献
268.
We study the relationship between firm value and investment to test the underinvestment and overinvestment hypotheses. The results obtained, using panel data methodology as the estimation method, indicate that the abovementioned relation is quadratic, which implies that there exists an optimal level of investment. As a consequence, firms that invest less than the optimal level suffer from an underinvestment problem, while those investing more than the optimum suffer from overinvestment. The quadratic relation is maintained when firms are classified depending on their investment opportunities, the optimum being in accordance with the quality of investment opportunities. 相似文献
269.
270.