A theory of innovation for process-based innovations such as nanotechnology

Many see Nanotechnology as the technology that will underlie the next Schumpeterian wave creating new opportunities for wealth and job creation. Further it is a process based or materials technology. Yet all currently used models of innovation are based on assembled products or service products and these simply do not recognize the differences in materials products nor the “enabling” nature of Nanotechnologies. If nanotechnology is poised to become the economic engine of this millennium and if current models of innovation, which are utilized, by policy makers and firm based strategist alike are based on technology product paradigms that are dissimilar to the realities of nanotechnology and other process-based technologies then there is cause for concern.Here the authors provide a model and supporting cases demonstrating a new process or materials based innovation model that is based on the tight coupling between product and process innovation of not only Nanotechnology-based products but other process-based products. This is an important finding, because it identifies and remedies a gap in the literature associated with earlier process and product innovation models. For process-based products like materials, food, chemicals and nanotechnologies any change to the manufacturing processes results in significant changes in end product features. The implications of this model to practice are considered.     

通货膨胀对产出缺口反应程度的不确定性分析

本文试图通过分别探讨国有单位和其他单位两个部门中影响工资对劳动力供求缺口做出调整的因素来研究工资对劳动力供求缺口反应程度的规律性趋势,进而推断通货膨胀对产出缺口反应程度的规律性趋势。研究表明,国有单位的工资调整将受到计划和市场因素共同影响,并且计划性因素要占到主导作用从而使得该部门的工资调整趋于粘性,同时其他单位的工资调整将受到工人与厂商对经济周期长度和波动幅度预期的影响,这两方面预期因素再通过生产函数与工资成本加成定价原则影响到菲利普斯曲线的中通胀对产出缺口的反应程度。在这种情况下,中央银行的政策操作应谨慎行事。     

中国的工业改革与效率变化-方法、数据、文献和现有的结果

全要素生产率是理解经济增长的方式和结构的重要指标之一,中国的工业改革正好为经济学家关注和考察不同所有制的企业形式以及改革政策对生产率变动的不同影响提供了丰富的经验基础。在1978年开始的旨在向市场经济转型的中国经济体制改革正在彻底地改变着它的工业部门面临的市场结构和工业组织,并不断造就着一个与世界经济更加融合的制造业部门。新的和更有竞争力的工业部门在竞争中不断获得了高速增长和扩张的机会,使得中国工业部门的生产率改善主要依赖着非国有企业的成长和它的活力。中国工业改革的成就不是挽救了国有企业,而是收缩了国有企业部门的"战线",诱致了一个非国有的新兴工业部门的崛起。     

企业如何打好"联合促销"牌

“联合促销”作为一种新的促销方式，逐渐被企业广泛采用并被普遍接受。联合促销的目的是根据不同产品的特点、功用、目标人群，选定合适的联合对象，达到销售数量、利润最大化。本文通过对不同类型的联合促销进行研究，分析其利弊，对合理利用这一促销形式提出了相应的建议。     

互联网下会计电算化内部控制研究

实施网络会计给企业带来利益的同时也给企业内部控制带来新问题 ,建立适应互联网环境的内部控制 ,其措施应基于企业内部网络和外部网络两大方面来进行。     

频率不受运放参数影响的文氏桥振荡器

本文介绍一组（12个）新的正弦振荡器，这组振荡器使用两个运算放大器，其振荡频率不受单极点有源元件增益带宽之积的影响。这种特性是由本文所介绍的电路结构取得的，即不需要调节。     

The Lowry Model Revisited: Incorporating a Multizonal Input-Output Model into an Urban Land Use Allocation Model

This paper formulates a new generation of Lowry-style models that combine a multizonal input-output model and an urban land use allocation model. Three different types of models are proposed: 1) an unconstrained model, 2) a primal of a linear programming approach that includes land supply constraints, and 3) a modified dual of the linear programming approach that allocates land based on additional conditions of economic efficiency. The modified dual formulation improves upon the limitations of Lowry models and their derivatives. First, the proposed model has sound theoretical underpinnings that incorporate the production theory of input-output models and the behavioral theory of optimization models. Second, the proposed model allocates land on the basis of economic efficiency by imposing a procedure that equalizes shadow prices. And third, the proposed model is an optimization model that fully accounts for the spatial and sectoral relationships of multiplier effects determining land use demand.     

Glamour and Value Strategies on the Tokyo Stock Exchange

This paper evaluates the performance of glamour and value strategies and tests the extrapolation model for the Japanese equity market. In general, value stocks outperform glamour stocks by between 6 and 12 percent per annum for the five years after portfolio formation. Evidence from past, future and expected growth provides strong support for the story developed in Lakonishok, Shleifer and Vishny (1994). It is difficult to attribute the value premia to the difference, if any, in risk factors. In addition, the book-to-market premium is much closer to an arbitrage opportunity than the size premium.     

中国企业“七剑”走出去

时代变迁,中国企业面对的已经是纷繁复杂且日趋加剧的国际竞争,由此也预示着企业必将在更大的范围、更广的领域、更高的层次上参与全球经济一体化运行。实施“走出去”战略、实现跨国经营已不单纯是一句口号,中国企业已经积聚实力,仗剑出击,以“七剑下天山”之势勇敢面对全球经济激烈竞争中企业发展壮大不可回避的选择。只不过,这一次出发,手中的七把重剑已经变成了七种更加有力的武器。     

我国高校知识产权保护存在的问题及对策

本文分析了高等学校知识产权工作存在的主要问题，提出了加强知识产权保护工作的若干措施。