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91.
Justin Henley Beneke 《食品市场学杂志》2017,23(6):668-682
This article presents an overview of private label brands (PLBs) by considering both the status quo and emergent trends in this sphere. The initial focus is profiling private labels in the country of South Africa, with developments from abroad then being juxtaposed against the local retail landscape. Global market trends are brought to the fore at the end of the article. PLB adoption in South Africa currently sits at a paltry 18% (little moved in the last 5 years), compared with a European average penetration rate of 30%. The reasons for this lackluster growth are varied, with a lack of retailer R&D at the root cause. Yet the conditions are right for rapid growth of this merchandise should household incomes continue to remain under pressure and should consumers fully appreciate the value proposition of such brands. Furthermore, it is expected that the global share of the market will reach 50% by 2025 (double that presently) with retailers abandoning B-brands and replacing these with their own substitute PLBs. 相似文献
92.
Justin R. Falk 《Contemporary economic policy》2015,33(1):176-189
I use Current Population Survey data from 2005 through 2010 to compare the wages of federal employees and workers in the private sector who have similar observable characteristics. The distribution of wages differed drastically between the federal and private sectors. In particular, I find that federal employees with no more than a high school diploma earned 21% more, on average, than their private‐sector counterparts, whereas those with a professional degree or doctorate earned 23% less. Overall, the average of federal wages was about 2% higher than the average wage of similar private‐sector workers. Other researchers have found larger differences because they used log‐linearized models, which result in comparisons of geometric means. I show that arithmetic means are more relevant in the context of the relationship between a government's compensation policy and its budget. The discrepancy between differences in arithmetic and geometric means occurs because the wages of federal employees were much less dispersed than those of employees with similar characteristics in the private sector. (JEL J31, J38, J45) 相似文献
93.
Recent scandals in the business world have intensified the demand for an explanation of the causes of corporate wrongdoing.
This study empirically tests the effects of mutual fund management fees and control structures on the likelihood of illegal
activity within mutual fund organizations. Specific attention is given to the presence of agency duality issues in the mutual
fund industry and how this influences the motivations and decisions of fund managers. Findings provide support for the hypothesized
relationship that higher levels of management fees decrease the likelihood of illegal behavior. Additionally, control of the
mutual fund by external management is found to have a negative impact on the likelihood of illegal activity while also acting
as a moderator of the management fee-illegal behavior relationship.
Justin Davis is an Assistant Professor of Strategic Management at Ohio University and Doctoral Candidate at The University
of Texas at Arlington. His primary research interests include firm-level entrepreneurship, agency issues in corporate governance,
and venture capital investment.
Dr. G. Tyge Payne is an Assistant Professor of Strategic Management in the Jerry S. Rawls College of Business at Texas Tech
University. His primary research interests include organization-environment fit/misfit, firm-level and corporate enterpreneurship;
dual agency issues, and interorganizational relationships.
Dr. Gary C. McMahan is an Associate Professor of Management and Coordinator of the Ph.D. Program in Management at The University
of Texas at Arlington. His research interests include the strategic role of human resources in organizations and corporate
governance and ethics in financial services institutions. He has published over 40 articles, monographs, proceedings, and
book chapters. 相似文献
94.
Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating competitive advantage through streams of innovation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In today's fast-paced competitive environment, firms face the need to be increasingly nimble and adaptive. While often able to establish a certain level of performance based upon existing technologies, firms are equally as often to be left flat-footed in the face of emerging, novel technologies. We discuss strategic entrepreneurship as the means through which firms simultaneously exploit their current competitive advantages while exploring for future opportunities. Achieving a balance between exploration and exploitation consists of more than merely allocating resources evenly between the two processes. As discussed, exploration and exploitation are operationally, structurally, and culturally distinct processes. 相似文献
95.
Matthew Ferguson Kevin Walby Justin Pich 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2016,18(5):477-485
Although the existing penal tourism literature examines displays at penal heritage sites, little research has explored the work of tour guides within them. Drawing from interviews and observations, this article assesses the styles of tour guides working at penal history museums in Canada. We situate carceral guides' styles along a continuum encompassing those who claim to convey historical facts as well as ones who explicitly engage in staging and performance, which are primarily responsive to penal tourists' expectations for fun and entertainment. In the discussion and conclusion, we address the practical implications of this assessment of guide styles. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
96.
Informal finance exists extensively and has been playing an important role in small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) financing
in developing economies. This paper tries to rationalize the extensiveness of informal finance. SME financing suffers more
serious information asymmetry to the extent that most SMEs are more opaque and can only provide less collateral. Informal
lenders have an advantage over formal financial institutions in collecting “soft information” about SME borrowers. This paper
establishes a model including formal and informal lenders and high- and low-risk borrowers with or without sufficient collateral
and shows that the credit market in which informal finance is eliminated will allocate funds in some inefficient way, and
the efficiency of allocating credit funds can be improved once informal finance is allowed to coexist with formal finance.
Translated from Economic Research Journal, 2005, 7 (in Chinese) 相似文献
97.
Paul Elhorst Maria Abreu Pedro Amaral Arnab Bhattacharjee Luisa Corrado Justin Doran 《Spatial Economic Analysis》2018,13(1):1-4
This editorial summarises the papers published in issue 13.1 so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper adopts a scale neutral approach to investigate the spatial mechanisms that cause regional innovation and growth. The second paper claims that population-weighting when calculating indices of regional inequality might lead to inconsistent outcomes. The third paper estimates the effect of distance between family residence and higher education institution on a student's academic performance, thereby accounting for endogenous regressors. The fourth paper shows an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic development at region of origin and the propensity to migrate using a multilevel approach. The fifth paper provides spatial econometric evidence of price competition between sellers of used books on Amazon.com. The last paper estimates a hedonic housing price equation and parameterizes the spatial weight matrix to determine how far back in time buyers, sellers and realtors are looking at the housing market. 相似文献
98.
Growth of industry clusters and innovation: Lessons from Beijing Zhongguancun Science Park 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
The success of technology parks in promoting technology transfer and attracting clusters of highly innovative firms has motivated countries from around the world in an attempt to promote regional development, including the People's Republic of China. Due to its similarities with other formerly planned economies undergoing transition towards market economies, the Chinese model of technology parks has been closely watched and emulated by other transitional economies. However, despite its economic significance, such development has been largely ignored in organizational research.In this study, I investigate a specific example of an industry cluster in China, the Beijing Zhongguancun (ZGC) Science Park, which has seen the largest cluster of semiconductor, computer, and telecommunication firms in China, consisting of both domestic and foreign invested firms. I examine the origin and growth of industry cluster in a traditionally heavily regulated economy and region, its role in promoting technology transfer and innovation, and challenges firms face in the future. I close by proposing some issues for future research. 相似文献
99.
We describe and employ a Bayesian posterior simulator for fitting a high-dimensional system of ordinal or count outcome equations. The model is then applied to describe the multiple site recreation demands of individual agents, and we argue that our approach provides advantages relative to existing methods commonly applied in this area. In particular, our model flexibly adjusts to match observed frequencies in trip outcomes, permits a flexible correlation pattern among the sites visited by individuals, and the posterior simulator for fitting this model is relatively easy to implement in practice. We also describe how the posterior simulations produced from the model can be used to conduct a variety of counterfactual experiments, including predicting behavioral changes and describing welfare implications resulting from shifts in exogenous demographic and site characteristics. We illustrate our method using data from the Iowa Lakes Project by modeling the visitation patterns of individuals to a set of twenty-nine large Iowa lakes. Consistent with previous findings in the literature, we see strong evidence that own and cross-price effects on trip demand are negative and positive, respectively, that higher income increases the likelihood of visiting most sites, and that a commonly used indicator of water quality, Secchi transparency, is positively correlated with the number of trips taken. In addition, the correlation structure among the errors reveals a complex pattern in which unobserved factors affecting trip demand are generally (though not strictly) positively correlated across sites. The flexibility and richness with which we are able to characterize the demand system provides a solid platform for counterfactual analysis, where we find significant behavioral and welfare effects from changes in site availability, water quality, and travel costs. 相似文献
100.
Using data from both the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) and High School and Beyond (HSB), we investigate if public high schools differ in the “production” of earnings and if rates of return to future education vary with public high school attended. Given evidence of such variation, we seek to explain why schools differ by proposing that standard measures of school “quality” as well as proxies for community characteristics can explain the observed parameter variation across high schools. Since analysis of widely‐used data sets such as the NLSY and HSB necessarily involves observing only a few students per high school, we employ an exact finite sample estimation approach. We find evidence that schools differ and that most proxies for high school quality play modest roles in explaining the variation in outcomes across public high schools. We do find evidence that the education of the teachers in the high school as well as the average family income associated with students in the school play a small part in explaining variation at the school‐level. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献