全文获取类型
收费全文 | 138175篇 |
免费 | 3225篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 26121篇 |
工业经济 | 11588篇 |
计划管理 | 22033篇 |
经济学 | 29637篇 |
综合类 | 1482篇 |
运输经济 | 959篇 |
旅游经济 | 2485篇 |
贸易经济 | 23691篇 |
农业经济 | 6118篇 |
经济概况 | 16993篇 |
信息产业经济 | 7篇 |
邮电经济 | 288篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 841篇 |
2020年 | 1627篇 |
2019年 | 2384篇 |
2018年 | 2358篇 |
2017年 | 2536篇 |
2016年 | 2706篇 |
2015年 | 2098篇 |
2014年 | 3402篇 |
2013年 | 15270篇 |
2012年 | 4222篇 |
2011年 | 4191篇 |
2010年 | 3730篇 |
2009年 | 4347篇 |
2008年 | 3906篇 |
2007年 | 3278篇 |
2006年 | 3593篇 |
2005年 | 3585篇 |
2004年 | 3133篇 |
2003年 | 2923篇 |
2002年 | 2867篇 |
2001年 | 2691篇 |
2000年 | 2645篇 |
1999年 | 2501篇 |
1998年 | 2357篇 |
1997年 | 2413篇 |
1996年 | 2262篇 |
1995年 | 2053篇 |
1994年 | 2066篇 |
1993年 | 2040篇 |
1992年 | 2108篇 |
1991年 | 2030篇 |
1990年 | 1866篇 |
1989年 | 1701篇 |
1988年 | 1632篇 |
1987年 | 1643篇 |
1986年 | 1731篇 |
1985年 | 2491篇 |
1984年 | 2379篇 |
1983年 | 2176篇 |
1982年 | 2049篇 |
1981年 | 1989篇 |
1980年 | 1934篇 |
1979年 | 1890篇 |
1978年 | 1683篇 |
1977年 | 1636篇 |
1976年 | 1404篇 |
1975年 | 1302篇 |
1974年 | 1194篇 |
1973年 | 1193篇 |
1972年 | 900篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
41.
The 1992–93 recession in the western states of Germany has been attributed, in substantial measure, to the macroeconomic consequences of policies to finance unification. Studies of the costs of unification have not attempted to measure the burden of the recession. We estimate a dynamic, panel model of household incomes using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) and use it to forecast what these incomes would have been in 1992–94 without a recession. Using a ratio of actual to forecast incomes, we compare the relative burden of the recession across households. Our findings suggest that western households below the median income bore the brunt of the combined impact of unification and the recession of 1992–93.
JEL classification: P3, D3, E3. 相似文献
JEL classification: P3, D3, E3. 相似文献
42.
Larry D. Qiu 《The Canadian journal of economics》2004,37(4):1061-1083
Abstract. This paper is concerned with the sustainability of free‐trade agreements (FTA). FTA sustainability is influenced by governments' valuations of political contributions, discount factors, the lobbying position of the specific‐interest groups in the intra‐industry trade sectors, and the sectoral coverage of the FTA. I find that (i) under certain conditions, the FTA under protectionist lobbying could be more sustainable than the FTA under no political pressure; (ii) the lobby‐supported FTA is more sustainable than the lobby‐opposed FTA and the FTA under no political pressure; and (iii) multisector trade enhances FTA sustainability. JEL Classification: F12, F13, F15. 相似文献
43.
44.
Josep M. Fradera 《Australian economic history review》2004,44(3):307-320
This article surveys recent research of the Spanish colonial era in the Philippines since the late eighteenth century. While highlighting imperfections in our understanding, the article establishes the parameters with which the Philippine economy entered the twentieth century. It outlines the intensification of Spanish colonial rule through changes in the taxation system, particularly the expansion of forced tobacco cultivation until its abolition in 1882. Since then, the Spanish set out to further change and intensify colonial rule but contradictions in the system of colonial rule caused the effort to come to an abrupt end in 1898. 相似文献
45.
文章根据新形势下经济管理类专业对计算机及相关技术的特殊要求,讨论了计算机相关课程的设置,提出了实验教学改革的想法,即如何构建和管理开放实验室。 相似文献
46.
Bruce R. Lyons 《Review of International Economics》2004,12(2):246-261
The paper highlights the main drivers for merger policy reform in the European Union, including the consequences of the recent appeal court reverses. It discusses some of the substantive and procedural issues that the reform package should address, and outlines the reforms in progress. The author concludes that much of the reform package will be beneficial, but some important opportunities have been missed in this inevitably patchwork process. 相似文献
47.
Fares A. Ghandour Paulina Swartz Heidi M. Grenek Edward B. Roberts 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2004,16(4):435-455
The number of firms using alliances as part of their corporate venturing or market entry strategies has surged over the past decade. Three common reasons cited for pursuing alliances are technology convergence, market access and alliance partners' complementary resources. This paper contrasts the alliance strategies of HP and IBM, two major competitors in electronic services (i.e. Internet-based 'e- service') businesses, using the Familiarity Matrix as a display tool to portray the strategies. Whereas the HP strategy is to attempt to establish its technology infrastructure as the standard e-services infrastructure on the Internet, IBM aims to position its IBM Global Services, rather than its technology, at the center of this ecosystem. 相似文献
48.
We study the optimal investment and consumption problem of a CRRA investor when the drift and volatility of the stock are driven by a correlated factor. The myopic and non‐myopic components of the optimal portfolio process are characterised in terms of the market price of traded and non‐traded risk of the minimax martingale measure. We find that the optimal policies depend crucially on the nature of the agent, aggressive versus conservative, and the market incompleteness, improving versus deteriorating investment opportunities. Furthermore, we show that the original problem cannot be decomposed into a pure consumption and a pure terminal wealth problem, unless the market is complete. 相似文献
49.
Huberto M. Ennis 《European Finance Review》2001,5(1-2):79-114
This paper studies financial intermediation in a general equilibriumoverlapping generations model. Indivisible investment projects combine withinformational imperfections to create a (hidden action) moral hazard problemand introduce a role for third-party monitoring. Agency costs at theintermediary level are also considered. Under some conditions, monitors canbe viewed as banks facing a non-trivial portfolio diversification problem.Equilibria are derived in which a large nationwide bank coexists with anumber of community-regional banks, a structure of strong empiricalrelevance. Policies such as a mandatory reserve requirement are shown tohave substantial effects on the levels of investment in the economy. 相似文献
50.
J. L. Bencze 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2001,11(3):273-298
The status quo for school science and technology is unacceptable. While the former often is required for admission to university engineering,
as well as to science programmes, the latter is deemed most appropriate for less able, concrete thinkers. This situation persists,
despite the fact school science tends to generate large groups of citizens who are relatively scientifically and technologically
illiterate, largely as a result of its preoccupation with identifying and training potential scientists and engineers. This
practice is tyrannical. It must be abandoned forthwith. A realistic alternative is a combined technology and science programme
– perhaps called 'technoscience' education – that would treat science and technology as equals. Such courses may, as well,
be more democratic in the sense that technological problem solving often is more natural to everyday situations that everyone
may find useful, not just future scientists or engineers. A framework for combined technology and science courses is described
and defended here. Originally developed through collaborative action research amongst practising teachers of science, the
approach appears to be feasible, under certain – perhaps ideal – conditions. A number of changes to science and technology
education may be necessary for broader implementation, not the least of which is a general retrenchment in expectations for
pre-determined learning, along with adjustments to teacher education. Nevertheless, the approach is recommended because of
its emphasis on: personalization, inclusion, problematization, explicitness, apprenticeship, authenticity, contextualization
and freedom.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献