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41.
Karl Aiginger 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2006,6(2):63-66
The term competitiveness stems from the analysis of firms and is usually thought to be well defined at the firm level. Today,
however, the notion competitiveness has become a prominent concept in the assessment of countries, regions and locations.
The competitive advantage of nations and the competitiveness of locations have become important topics in economic policy.
Interest in this field has been notably stimulated by the work of Michael Porter. Although the diversity of approaches presented
in this issue may appear large to the reader, it is in reality dwarfed by the multiplicity of concepts, articles and books
which have been written in reference to the term competitiveness. The vagueness of the general term, the lack of theoretical
background, implicit preferences and prejudices, and finally the scope of policy recommendations made in reference to this
term have induced outstanding researchers to warn that the term competitiveness of a nation could be dangerous, obsessive, elusive or meaningless.1 The articles presented in this volume share some elements of this critique, but also demonstrate that research is being continued,
and that it is indeed relevant to the design and evaluation of economic policy, most notably, the so-called Lisbon Strategy
of the European Union. 相似文献
42.
Prof. Dr. Karl Heinz Hausner lehrt Volkswirtschaftslehre an der Fachhochschule des Bundes für ?ffentliche Verwaltung
in Mannheim und ist Lehrbeauftragter an der Hochschule für Bankwirtschaft Frankfurt am Main. 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2006,86(3):180-184
Dem Kompromiss über die EU-Haushaltsplanung für die Jahre 2007 bis 2013 war eine kontroverse Debatte über den Umfang des „Briten-Rabatts“
und die Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik vorausgegangen. Welche Bedeutung hat die Agrarpolitik für die EU? Welche Mitgliedstaaten geh?ren
im EU-Haushalt zu den Nettozahlern? Besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen den Zahlungsstr?men aus dem EU-Haushalt und der Wohlstandsverteilung
innerhalb der EU? 相似文献
43.
44.
Karl Farmer 《International Advances in Economic Research》2014,20(1):1-21
The pronounced increase in external imbalances in the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) during the years running up to 2008 is traditionally explained by financial integration through the common currency. This paper examines in a one-good, two-country overlapping generations’ model, with production, capital accumulation and public debt, the effects of financial integration on the net foreign asset positions of initially low-interest and high-interest rate EMU countries. We find that a lower savings rate and government expenditure quota, together with a higher capital production share in the latter can in fact be transformed into the observed external imbalances when interest rates converge. 相似文献
45.
We integrate insights from family business and organizational ecology into the entrepreneurship field by constructing a theoretical framework that explains how the regional context impacts family and non-family start-ups in differing ways. Regional count data models based on a rich longitudinal dataset reveal that while economic factors such as population size and growth in regions are primarily associated with the number of non-family start-ups, factors related to regional embeddedness, such as pre-existing small family businesses as well as favorable community attitudes toward small businesses, are more strongly associated with the number of family start-ups. Our research provides support for the notion that ‘the regional context’ is an important yet under-theorized area for research on venture creation and family business. 相似文献
46.
This study tackles the puzzle of why increasing entrepreneurial experience does not always lead to improved financial performance of new ventures. We propose an alternate framework demonstrating how experience translates into expertise by arguing that the positive experience–performance relationship only appears to expert entrepreneurs, while novice entrepreneurs may actually perform increasingly worse because of their inability to generalize their experiential knowledge accurately into new ventures. These negative performance implications can be alleviated if the level of contextual similarity between prior and current ventures is high. Using matched employee–employer data of an entire population of Swedish founder-managers between 1990 and 2007, we find a non-linear relationship between entrepreneurial experience and financial performance consistent with our framework. Moreover, the level of industry, geographic, and temporal similarities between prior and current ventures positively moderates this relationship. Our work provides both theoretical and practical implications for entrepreneurial experience—people can learn entrepreneurship and pursue it with greater success as long as they have multiple opportunities to gain experience, overcome barriers to learning, and build an entrepreneurial-experience curve. 相似文献
47.
Based on the work of Suzuki, we consider a generalization of Merton’s asset valuation approach in which two firms are linked by cross-ownership of equity and liabilities. Suzuki’s results then provide no arbitrage prices of firm values, which are derivatives of exogenous asset values. In contrast to the Merton model, the assumption of lognormally distributed assets does not result in lognormally distributed firm values, which also affects the corresponding probabilities of default. In a simulation study we see that, depending on the type of cross-ownership, the lognormal model can lead to both over- and underestimation of the actual probability of default of a firm under cross-ownership. In the limit, i.e. if the levels of cross-ownership tend to their maximum possible value, these findings can be shown theoretically as well. Furthermore, we consider the default probability of a firm in general, i.e. without a distributional assumption, and show that the lognormal model is often able to yield only a limited range of probabilities of default, while the actual probabilities may take any value between 0 and 1. 相似文献
48.
49.
50.
We consider a robust version of the classic problem of optimal monopoly pricing with incomplete information. In the robust version, the seller faces model uncertainty and only knows that the true demand distribution is in the neighborhood of a given model distribution. We characterize the pricing policies under two distinct decision criteria with multiple priors: (i) maximin utility and (ii) minimax regret. The equilibrium price under either criterion is lower then in the absence of uncertainty. The concern for robustness leads the seller to concede a larger information rent to all buyers with values below the optimal price without uncertainty. 相似文献