排序方式: 共有33条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Karolina Safarzyńska Jeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2010,20(3):329-373
This paper assesses methods and components of formal evolutionary-economic modelling. Methods are broadly classified into
evolutionary game theory and selection dynamics, evolutionary computation and multi-agent models, each with relevant subcategories.
The components or building blocks are organized into diversity, innovation, selection, bounded rationality, diffusion, path
dependency and lock-in, coevolution, multilevel and group selection, and mechanisms of growth. The number of alternatives
that has been proposed for each category is vast, making it difficult to comprehend the variety of assumptions and formalizations
underlying existing evolutionary-economic models. Our survey aims to clarify for each model component the choice range, formal
expressions, associated assumptions, and possible techniques for formalization. Our study is unique in that it provides more
information about the formal details of specific model components and is considerably more inclusive than earlier reviews. 相似文献
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Karolina Ekholm Andreas Moxnes Karen Helene Ulltveit-Moe 《Journal of International Economics》2012,86(1):101-117
Using a new and extensive micro data set we investigate the impact of a change in international competitive pressure on industrial performance and restructuring. Unlike previous studies we are able to account for the heterogeneity across firms in their exposure to foreign competition. We focus on a situation akin to a natural experiment, and examine the impact of a sharp real appreciation of the Norwegian Krone in the early 2000s on Norwegian manufacturing firms which differ substantially in their trade orientation. A change in the real exchange rate (RER) affects a firm through three different channels: (i) firm's export sales, (ii) firm's purchases of imported inputs, and (iii) import competition faced in the domestic market. Unlike previous studies, we are able to examine all three channels. Both net exporters and import-competing firms were exposed to increased competition due to the real appreciation. Both groups reacted by shedding labor, but only the first group experienced increasing labor productivity. Partly, the productivity improvements came from measured TFP gains, while capital deepening does not appear to have been affected by the shock. 相似文献
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Arkadiusz Derkacz Jakub Gawrys Karolina Gawrys Maciej Podgorski Agnieszka Magott-Derkacz Rafał Poreba 《International journal of injury control and safety promotion》2018,25(2):229-231
The effect of electromagnetic field on cardiovascular system in the literature is defined in ambiguous way. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of electromagnetic field on the heart rate variability (HRV) during the examination with magnetic resonance. Forty-two patients underwent Holter ECG heart monitoring for 30 minutes twice: immediately before and after the examination with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). HRV was analysed by assessing a few selected time and spectral parameters. Is has been shown that standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) and very low frequency rates increased, whereas the low frequency:high frequency parameter significantly decreased following the MRI examination. These results show that MRI may affect the HRV most likely by changing the sympathetic-parasympathetic balance. 相似文献
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Karolina Brazytė Dorothea Schaffner 《Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism》2017,18(3):282-307
The purpose of this study was to investigate how guests respond to the sustainability efforts of sustainably managed hotels by discussing them in reviews posted online. Thus, an exploratory research design and the content analysis method were chosen for this study. The content analysis technique was used to analyze User Generated Content and to explore what attributes of sustainability are perceived as the most important by hotel guests in online reviews and whether they generate positive or negative feelings. An analysis of the reviews showed that hotel guests perceive sustainability positively: most indicators were discussed in a positive context, and reviews that contained sustainability attributes had higher guest ratings than other reviews. Explicit references to sustainability were found in only 6.8% of all customer comments. The most frequently encountered indicators in guest reviews were biodiversity, education and sustainable products. Customers mainly discuss attributes that have direct impacts on their experience or are observable at the hotel. Customers are likely to realize that a hotel’s commitment to sustainability can excuse the hotel for a suffered inconvenience. This finding implies that hoteliers should educate guests on their sustainability measures, as higher awareness may increase customer satisfaction. 相似文献
26.
Demand-supply coevolution with multiple increasing returns: Policy analysis for unlocking and system transitions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Karolina Safarzyńska Author Vitae Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh Author Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2010,77(2):297-2267
Currently, there is much concern about how to make a transition away from environmentally unsustainable activities to sustainable ones, notably in agriculture, energy and transport sectors. The success of such a transition depends on whether one is capable of escaping the lock-in of the dominant, unsustainable technology, which is usually due to multiple lock-in factors. Here, we present a formal model to study the likelihood of market lock-in in the presence of multiple increasing returns. The proposed framework describes coevolving populations of boundedly rational consumers and innovating firms. On the demand side, we focus attention on the interdependence of consumer preferences. We examine the impact of alternative demand side specifications on the direction of innovative activities of firms. On the supply side, a technological trajectory arises from the interplay of incremental innovation, search for a new product design and marketing activities. Our framework provides a general and complete account of increasing returns on supply and demand sides, as well as their synergetic interactions. The model is used to study a number of policy instruments aimed at escaping lock-in. 相似文献
27.
Karolina Hutková 《The Economic history review》2020,73(4):1208-1210
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Chris Nierstrasz,Rivalry for trade in tea and textiles: the English and Dutch East Indian Companies (1700–1800) (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Pp. xvi + 219. 5 figs. 22 graphs. 7 plates. 1 tab. ISBN 9781137486523 Hbk. £60)
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Karolina Hutková 《The Economic history review》2016,69(4):1370-1371
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Relative wages and trade-induced changes in technology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We develop a model where trade liberalization leads to skill-biased technological change, which in turn raises the relative return to skilled labor. When firms get access to a larger market, the relative profitability of different technologies changes in favor of the more skill-intensive technology. As the composition of firms changes to one with predominantly skill-intensive firms, the relative demand for skilled labor increases. This way, we establish a link between trade, technology and relative returns to skilled and unskilled labor. 相似文献
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