International relocation,the real exchange rate and effective demand

By introducing an international relocation mechanism into a two-country model, we analyze the effects of an increase in the corporation tax in the richer country on employment and effective demand in both countries. This taxation policy proves to produce not only enterprise relocation, but also depreciation in the real exchange rate. The latter is also shown to dominate the former, such that rich-country employment and effective demand are stimulated. However, the two countries respond in opposing ways regarding enterprise relocation and real exchange rate adjustment. Consequently, employment and effective demand in the poor country will fall.     

Transshipments and inventories in the Takayama-Judge model

This paper shows that the Takayama-Judge model to solve interregional and intertemporal market equilibrium conditions faces difficulties when transshipments take place and that the difficulties relating to inventories, pointed out by Guise and others in this Journal, are special cases relating to transshipments. These difficulties can be overcome, simply by relaxing the non-negativity condition imposed on x_ii(t) terms in the material balance conditions.     

A Characterization of the Dynamical System in a Two-sector Overlapping-generations Model: The Case of Unbounded Growth

This paper characterizes perfect-foresight equilibria in a two-sector overlapping-generations economy for the case of unbounded growth. The analysis demonstrates that gross substitutability in consumption is not sufficient to ensure the determinacy of equilibrium. Unlike Boldrin and Rustichini (1994), indeterminacy of equilibria can arise within the framework of an overlapping-generations model with convex technology. The finite time horizon of agents is the source of such indeterminacy.
JEL Classification Number: 041.     

Spatial and temporal price and allocation modeling: Some extensions

This paper delineated the conditions under which linear complimentarity programming is applicable in the area of spatial and temporal price and allocation modeling. Two examples are offered which are not solvable using the previous methodology available.     

Asset bubbles,labour market frictions and R&D‐based growth

Employing an overlapping generations model of R&D‐based growth with labour market frictions, this paper examines how employment changes induced by labour market frictions influence asset bubbles and long‐run economic growth. Asset bubbles can (cannot) exist when the employment rate is high (low), which leads to higher (lower) economic growth through labour market efficiency. We also explore the steady state and transitional dynamics of bubbles, economic growth and employment. Furthermore, we show that policy or parameter changes with a negative influence on the labour market can lead to a bubble burst.     

Environmental Perception and Sense of Responsibility of the Tourism Industry in Mainland China,Taiwan and Japan

This paper attempts to elicit the underlying reasons why and how people within the tourism industry perceive the natural environment and how they regard their own responsibility for environmental management. As East Asian culture is believed to have different attitudes and values towards the natural environment and resources when compared to Western culture, it is hypothesised that there will be a corresponding difference in how they view the relationship between nature and tourism. Although this is not an East–West comparative study, it nevertheless aims to discern if there is any structural variation in perception within East Asian countries. To this end, a questionnaire was conducted in Mainland China, Taiwan and Japan in 1994 and the data were analysed by Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). The analysis shows that authoritarianism and an anthropocentric market approach to the natural environment and resources affect the perception of tourism activities across cultures. Minor cultural differences were found in the perceptual construct of nature and tourist activities.     

Does human capital or physical capital constrain output in Japanese prefectures?

This paper develops a dynamic–network DEA (data envelopment analysis) model where total output is jointly produced from two sectors: a human capital sector and a physical capital sector. Each prefecture produces a final output and an intermediate product which is used to augment future physical capital. The optimization method allows future production possibilities to be enhanced if some final output in the current period is foregone so that larger amounts of the intermediate product can be produced. The goal is to choose the amounts of final output and intermediate product so as to maximize the size of the production possibility set. The method also allows identification of whether output is constrained by a lack of physical capital, a lack of human capital or a lack of both types of capital. We apply our method to 47 Japanese prefectures during the period 2007–2009. A key finding is that a lack of human capital is constraining potential output.     

Managerial Myopia,Earnings Guidance,and Investment*

This study investigates the real effects of management communication, specifically of forecasts or earnings guidance, on investment. Managers can signal the strength of their projects through accuracy in their earnings guidance. This leads less accurate managers to distort their investments; the equilibrium investment strategy involves over-investment when earnings exceed the forecast and under-investment when earnings fall short. Moreover, we find that managers are pessimistic in their forecasts, which helps to explain the corresponding well-documented empirical regularity. This downward bias increases the likelihood of investment manipulation but decreases the real loss from distortion. Interestingly, the over-investment induced by earnings guidance helps to mitigate the classic under-investment problem for a myopic manager with unobservable investment. Earnings guidance can therefore be value-increasing when managerial myopia is severe.