基于图形链的冗余多指标集比较删余缩减算法

在指标权重及冗余指标检测的基础上,采用链状结构对相关指标集合进行图形描述,提出了基于图形链的冗余指标比较缩减算法。该方法进一步考虑了指标冗余的非传递性,并有效发挥了指标权重在综合评价中的作用。实验结果表明,该方法可显著改善删余评价方法的公正性,避免了评价指标的过度删余,对有效完成评价指标的鉴别与客观筛选有着重要意义。     

稀土案中的“合理性援引”思辨

2014年8月7日WTO就\"美国、欧盟、日本诉中国稀土、钨、钼相关产品出口管理措施案\"正式公布了上诉机构报告,持续数年的稀土案以中国败诉落幕。相关措施如何在资源与环境保护方面获得WTO认可?稀土案的裁决过程充分体现了WTO对\"合理性援引\"GATT1994第20条的要求。对于中国而言,\"合理性援引\"GATT1994第20条是此后解决类似争端必须恪守的准则。同时,在WTO动态发展的框架下,我们并不能因为在某个具体案例中失利就减少全面理性审视并助推WTO机制公正及合理性的相关考量和努力。     

An analysis of the automatic stabilizers associated with taxes and transfer payments

This paper examines the question of the stability of automatic stabilizers in the United States. Based on a statistical test suggested by Brown, Durbin and Evans, the analysis concludes that the magnitude of automatic stabilization of economic activity afforded by personal tax receipts has remained virtually invariant over the period 1939–86. The automatic stabilization effectiveness of transfer payments, however, had increased, since 1964. This is attributed to the implementation of various Great Society programmes beginning in 1964.     

Case study—Embodied virtual agents: An analysis on reasons for failure

Despite very optimistic academic and professional literatures, embodied virtual agents (EVA) on commercial websites do not seem to keep all their promises. An update in December 2009 of a benchmark led by OrangeLab in 2007 on embodied agents displayed on French websites reveals that more than 60% of them have actually disappeared. This case study deals with understanding the disappearance of embodied virtual agents thanks to a literature review, a benchmark of 80 agents on French commercial websites and an analysis of experts' in-depth-interviews. This work identifies a series of common errors in the agents design – namely, appearance inadequacy and lack of intelligence and autonomy – that creates a gap between consumers' expectations and agents' performance explaining agents' lack of success. As a conclusion, this case study gives practitioners actionable advices to design future agents by highlighting the characteristics of the ideal virtual sales agent (VSA).     

The Short– and Long–run Performance of New Listings in Tunisia

This study examines abnormal stock market returns of new listings on the Tunisian Stock Exchange. Substantial positive abnormal returns are found on the first listing day and this finding is similar to that obtained in other countries. Subsequent performance is poor and investors who bought shares at the close of trading on the first day would have lost about 22% against the Tunis Stock Exchange index over a three–year period. The possible causes of this are investigated. Among the factors found in the literature that possibly affect the level of long–term performance, only the state of the IPO market, the initial return, the delay in reaching the ‘first market price’ and the size of the firms have significant coefficients. This result is supportive of the traditional fad’s interpretation of long–term underperformance.