Conceptualizing digital and physical connectivity: The position of European cities in Internet backbone and air traffic flows

‘Digital’ telecommunication flows and ‘physical’ corporeal flows provide researchers with comprehensive indicators of the economic interactions between cities. However, previous research drawing on telecommunication-based measures of inter-urban connectivity has been hampered by inadequate conceptualizations and data. This paper draws on this observation to devise a new approach for measuring inter-urban connectivity based on a city’s insertion in Internet backbone networks. The straightforward example of air transport flows is thereby used to outline this approach. To investigate telecommunication and air passenger flows, use is made of European statistics on Internet eXchange Points and the MIDT airline database respectively. The approach is illustrated through a systematic comparison of the position of European cities in both types of networks. It is found that European cities assume largely similar hierarchical levels in terms of digital and physical information flows, albeit that the digital connectivity of centrally located European cities is often somewhat higher than that of peripheral cities with a similar levels of physical connectivity.     

Competition and Market Structure Reconsidered

A number of models of oligopoly in which long-run equilibrium is given by zero profit are extended to examine further the extent to which the number of firms increases indefinitely with market size. The limitations of the modelling framework are critically assessed with particular emphasis on the neglect of competition through vertically integrated economic processes. As an alternative, it is suggested that competition and industrial structure would be better studied by differentiating vertically between the different “systems of provision” through which particular goods are supplied, taking account of the integral connections between chains of economic activity, rather than generalizing across sectors and the competition within them.     

中国上市银行特许权价值的自律效应

银行特许权价值是银行风险自我约束的重要机制。本文使用托宾Q值衡量了中国14家上市银行的特许权价值,借助面板数据回归分析对银行特许权价值的自律效应进行了实证检验。结果表明:上市银行特许权价值对反映外部评价的市场风险确实存在着自律效应,但还未对表现为内部风险控制的资本充足率产生显著作用。因国家对银行业提供了全面担保,银行所有制性质对银行风险无显著影响。随着银行业竞争日趋激烈,通过引导商业银行提升特许权价值来激励银行审慎经营并加强内部风险控制,对后金融危机时期中国银行业的健康稳定发展具有积极意义。     

Research note: Why gold is so stronghold,revealing the mechanism of China’s golden week holiday system

This research note employs discourse analysis to investigate the mechanism of China’s golden week holiday system, a unique policy regimen impacting the leisure lives of 1.4 billion Chinese citizens five times a year. It was revealed by the research results that the ideological paradigms of state control over leisure and emphasis on productivity derived from orthodox Marist articulations, as well as centralised policy planning and integration of traditional Chinese cultural values of naturalised Marxist theories in China, have been underpinning this holiday system. The authors make the cautionary prediction of the stability of this system in the near future, in the light of the satisfactory policy outcomes it has yielded for the Chinese authorities. Implications of this note for leisure researchers and practitioners are also addressed.     

Board representation in international joint ventures

Research summary : Relatively little attention has been paid to boards in international joint ventures (IJVs), and the composition of these boards in particular. We examine the determinants of foreign partners' representation on IJV boards in order to advance our knowledge of this facet of IJV governance. We argue that a foreign partner's representation on the IJV board is related to its equity contribution. However, we hypothesize that this relationship is moderated by IJV and host country characteristics that affect the importance of the internal and external roles IJV boards serve. These results provide insights into the conditions under which a partner might wish to secure greater board representation for its level of equity, or utilize less board representation than might be suggested by its equity level alone. Managerial summary : The functioning and composition of corporate boards have long been seen as critical to managers and shareholders alike. In contrast, the boards of IJVs have been relatively neglected. We advance our knowledge of this important facet of IJV governance. Specifically, we highlight the importance of two roles (i.e., an internal and external role) that IJV boards and directors fulfill. We find that the importance of these internal and external roles of boards determines whether a foreign partner might wish to secure greater board representation for its level of equity, or utilize less board representation than might be suggested by its equity level alone. Our results provide novel insights that can help managers structure their IJV boards. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于学习型组织理论的高校大学生党员队伍建设研究

建设一支学习型高校大学生党员队伍是顺应知识经济时代要求和创建学习型社会的需要,是高校大学生党员队伍质量保证和自身可持续发展的需要,也是保持党的先进性和纯洁性的需要.高校应从建立团队共同愿景、形成团体学习机制、制定学习激励保障制度和科学构建高校党建和思想政治工作方面来加强学习型大学生党员队伍建设.     

An exploratory study of determinants for restaurant servers’ actual tip earnings: Individual characteristics and work conditions

This exploratory study investigates two different types of determinants for servers’ actual tip earnings (individual characteristics versus work conditions) using readily available organizational data. Unlike previous studies that measured servers’ tips by asking subjects (servers or customers) to report tip amounts, we measure the actual tip earnings of each server extracted from the point of sale system. The results show that work conditions (daily work hours, weekend work hours, and immediate supervisors’ characteristics) have stronger relationships with servers’ tip earnings than servers’ individual characteristics (gender, tenure, and job satisfaction). This study represents an initial attempt to use objective data to measure servers’ tip earnings and explore its potential relationship with work conditions compared to its relationships with individual characteristics which have been frequently examined in previous studies.     

基于图形链的冗余多指标集比较删余缩减算法

在指标权重及冗余指标检测的基 础上,采用链状结构对相关指标集合进行图形描述,提出了基于图形链的冗余指标比 较缩减算法。该方法进一步考虑了指标冗余的非传递性,并有效发挥了指标权重在综合评价 中的作用。实验结果表明,该方法可显著改善删余评价方法的公正性,避免了评价指标的过 度 删余,对有效完成评价指标的鉴别与客观筛选有着重要意义。     

中国设计能力呈现增长

据市场研究机构iSuppli数据,2006年,在电子设计对全球半导体开支影响力最大的国家中,中国将超过德国和韩国,名列第四(iSuppli的数据来自营业额合计占到全球芯片市场75%的172家OEM厂商,并据此推断哪些国家拥有包括芯片选择在内的电子产品设计能力)."以绝对美元计算,2006年,中国以设计带动的半导体开支增长将名列世界第三."ISuppli分析师Min-Sun Moon介绍道.     

业界着手解决IP复用问题

寻求降低成本和缩短上市周期是一个很久以来人们一直在探索的问题,这个问题催生出诸如亨利福特的组装生产线,以及近来的6sigma方法学等创新.显然,SOC设计人员和制造业者需要面临同样的问题.