Product attributes and models of multiple discreteness

Demand for product characteristics is examined within the context of models that allow for both corner and interior solutions corresponding to zero and non-zero demand. Product attribute information is associated with marginal utility and curvature (satiation) parameters of various utility functions. Empirical applications demonstrate the need for incorporating characteristics in a fairly general way. We also compare our approach to an ideal point and pure Lancasterian versions of our nonlinear utility model. The data support our model over either the ideal point or Lancasterian variants.     

我国二线城市交通拥堵的症结与消弭策略——以青岛为例

目前,交通拥堵已呈一线城市向二线城市蔓延的趋势,作为二线城市的青岛,很难一下子从轨道交通等硬件设施建设上改变现状。为此,文章提出了统筹兼顾,综合治理的对策:一是优化城市结构,合理规划城市交通网络;二是推动城市道路建设,完善城市交通基础设施;三是改善道路交通模式,优先发展城市公共交通;四是提升综合管理能力,理顺城市交通体制;五是应用交通新科技,建立一体化城市交通信息系统;六是提高停车泊位供应,推动城市停车设施供需平衡。     

Unions and Gender Pay Equity in Academe: A Study of U.S. Institutions

This paper uses 1994-95 faculty salary data from over 1,100 four-year U.S. academic institutions, about one-fourth of them with collective bargaining agreements, to ask if faculty unions make a difference to gender pay equity. Average gender salary differences are negative at every rank and at every category of U.S. institution with or without collective bargaining agreement. Unions may improve gender salary differentials somewhat, particularly at the assistant professor level. There is no evidence that this gain will be lost at higher levels, and mixed evidence that further gains occur for women at the full professor level. The most pervasive and robust consequence of unions is to increase the positive impact that higher proportions of women at senior faculty ranks make on relative salaries at the assistant professor level. However, the influence of these higher-ranked women on gender salary inequalities at the associate and full levels is lower in union schools than nonunion schools. By reducing the flexibility of existing salary structures, collective bargaining apparently reduces the influence of senior women faculty on the salaries of current women faculty members while increasing their attention and influence at entry levels.     

税务代理的营销策略

我国的税务代理是一项新兴产业,其潜在市场是广阔而巨大的。面对市场,税务代理企业要做的是转变观念、改变形象,树立市场营销的理念,通过有效的税务代理营销策略打开市场、赢得市场、拓展市场,以求税务代理的可持续发展。     

销售要找到＂关键人物＂

作为一个商业新手,你不得不为每一笔销售而拼尽全力。如果情况变成有一群稳定的、连续的、热情的准客户群主动找上门来,是不是很美妙呢？来自于客户和其他企业家的推荐能帮你把你的新公司列入备选名单。但要想达到上述效果,只是散发名片、在家人和朋友中间口口相传是远远不够的。你必须与影响者（influencers）建立关系那些有能力影响对你公司看法的人、或那些和你的最佳准客户一对一地打交道时能进行直接推荐的人。     

When do incentives work in channels of distribution?

The incentive dilemma refers to a situation in which incentives are offered but do not work as intended. The authors suggest that, in an interorganizational context, whether a principal-provided incentive works is a function of how it is evaluated by an agent: for its contribution to the agent’s bottom line (instrumental evaluation) and for the extent it is strategically aligned with the agent’s direction (congruence evaluation). To further understand when incentives work, the influence of two key contextual variables—industry volatility and dependence—are examined. A field study featuring 57 semi-structured depth interviews and 386 responses from twin surveys in the information technology and brewing industries provide data for hypothesis testing. When and whether incentives work is demonstrated by certain conditions under which the agent’s evaluation of an incentive has positive or negative effects on its compliance and active representation. Further, some outcomes are reversed in the high volatility condition.