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991.
992.
Using formal statistical tests, we detect (i) significant volatility increases for various types of capital flows for a period of changes in business cycle comovement among the G7 countries, and (ii) mixed evidence of changes in covariances and correlations with a set of macroeconomic variables. 相似文献
993.
Trade in Parts and Components and the Industrial Geography of Central and Eastern European Countries
Gianfranco De Simone 《Review of World Economics》2008,144(3):428-457
Growing inflows of FDI and the increasing integration of domestic firms into International Production Networks (IPNs) set
up by EU-15 partners have yielded a rise in trade in parts and components for Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs).
As a consequence, new patterns of localization of industrial activities have been observed in the region since the mid-1990s.
In this paper, I propose a comprehensive model of trade and production which tries to explain cross-country variations of
sectoral output by comparative advantages (Ricardo, Heckscher–Ohlin) and agglomeration forces (home market effect, market
potential), with a focus on the role played by trade in middle products. The empirical implementation reveals that the higher
is the involvement in IPNs the larger is the domestic share of regional output. Comparative advantages are a crucial determinant
of localization as opposed to agglomeration forces. I argue that these results can be interpreted as an assessment of the
predictive power of two alternative trade theories.
JEL no. F10, F12, F14, F15 相似文献
994.
This paper explores the welfare effects of public consumption, income transfers and public investment financed through different types of taxes. One surprising result is that, contrary to public consumption goods, public capital goods do not necessarily become less attractive if distortionary taxes, rather than lump-sum taxes, are necessary to finance them. The numerical simulations reveal that the net welfare effects of public investments in the Netherlands are typically positive if financed through lump-sum taxes or distortionary taxes on labor. However, if a source-based capital tax is adopted to finance public investments, the overall welfare effect may be negative. 相似文献
995.
We estimate Taylor rules for the euro area using Consensus Economics data for expected inflation and output growth, and compare these estimates with more conventional specifications in which actual outcomes are used. We find that the ECB takes expected inflation and expected output growth into account in setting interest rates, while in the more conventional model specification, the coefficient of realized inflation is not significantly different from zero. 相似文献
996.
The aim of this study was to design a method for evaluating the importance that consumers place on the characteristics of environmentally friendly (EF) products and on consumer EF behaviour. Attitudes and opinions of consumers regarding the EF value of the different aspects of consumer behaviour – purchasing, using and disposing of goods – were measured. The perception of EF behaviour was analysed for Belgian and Polish consumers, a Western and an Eastern European country. The cultural, economic and political differences between Belgium and Poland may imply that their consideration of EF behaviour is different. The perception of consumers about buying, using and disposing of EF products does not necessarily indicate their own EF behaviour, but it gives an indication of what consumers think is EF behaviour. On the basis of the results, policy‐makers and industry can diagnose the consumers' perceived cost–benefit relationship of EF consumer behaviour. An evaluation of what consumers think is EF can be made for the two countries. Marketers, government and EF organizations can draw on our research results when developing EF products and/or advertising campaigns. 相似文献
997.
Gabe J. De Bondt 《De Economist》1998,146(2):271-301
The article provides a survey of one of the most important elements of financial structure, namely credit to firms and households, by means of five distinguished theoretical issues. It is complemented by a survey of relevant stylized facts for six European countries. A cross-country comparison across Europe shows that indirect credit markets with banks as the main players are far more important than direct credit markets, and that the most striking difference in financial structure among the countries considered relates to debt maturity. 相似文献
998.
This paper studies inherited agglomeration effects, which we define as human capital that managers acquire while working in an industry hub that may be transferred to a spinoff. We test for inherited agglomeration effects in the hedge fund industry and find that hedge fund managers who previously worked in New York and London outperform their peers by about one percent per year. The results are driven by managers who worked in investment management positions previously, and are at least as large as traditional agglomeration effects that arise from being located in an industry hub contemporaneously. The evidence suggests that inherited agglomeration effects are an important, but as yet overlooked, factor influencing the performance of new firms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
999.
Gianni De Fraja 《International Economic Review》2005,46(3):1009-1031
This article shows that reverse discrimination policies can find a justification purely on efficiency grounds. We study the optimal provision of education when households belong to different groups, differing in the distribution of the potential to benefit from education among individuals, which is private information. The main result is that high‐potential individuals from groups with relatively few high‐potential individuals should receive more education than otherwise identical individuals from groups with a more favorable distribution of these benefits. 相似文献
1000.
In this response to Mark Hayes's criticism of his article, Lucason involuntary unemployment, the author insists on theneed to draw a distinction between labour rationing (a marketoutcome) and unemployment (the activity of job seeking). Economictheory is mainly concerned with the former. Yet the issue ofthe voluntarity versus the involuntarity of unemployment pertainsto unemployment as an activity. Failing to make this distinctioncannot but lead to semantic confusion. 相似文献