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61.
62.
This paper analyzes countertrade as a special case of a customs union in which the countertrade agreement gives rise (as in customs union theory) to both trade-creating and trade-diverting effects. The net effects on welfare are ambiguous. A detailed case study from Egypt and brief examples from other countries illustrate the relevance of this interpretation . 相似文献
63.
Mark D. Karper Clifford B. Donn Marie E. Lyndaker 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》1994,7(3):219-233
The maritime industry provides an interesting case study of the design and implementation of drug-testing programs in the
transportation industry during the 1980s. It is clear that such programs were designed and implemented less because of empirical
evidence of safety problems than for political reasons. The results in the maritime industry are indicative of a program that
is expensive to operate, intrusive with regard to employee privacy, and which will have little or no impact on safety. Focusing
such programs on the issue of impairment rather than on the issue of drug usage per se is likely to improve the outcome of
the programs.
Although, despite common belief, there is little evidence that drug usage or the “drug problem” in U.S. society as a whole
had gotten worse in the preceding years (Schonsheck, 1989, 250–251). 相似文献
64.
The idea of judo economics, building on analogies with the sport of judo, has been around for at least 20 years. But taking these ideas further to judo strategy means that a framework of strategic principles can be developed to help companies put stronger opponents on the mat. 相似文献
65.
66.
67.
Policy reform and productivity change in Chinese agriculture: A distance function approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Agricultural policy reform has been an important source of change in the Chinese agricultural sector. The reforms led to productivity growth and helped China to pursue its self-sufficiency goal especially in the grain sector. In order to analyze whether observable productivity growth stems from technologically induced components or from the market induced parts, a multi-input–multi-output model is derived by using an econometric distance function framework. A decomposition allows to distinguish allocative effects, scale effects, technological change, and technical efficiency change. Data on farms in Zhejiang from 1986 to 2000 are used to analyze the impact of policy reform. 相似文献
68.
69.
In-depth data analysis plus statistical modeling can produce inferentialcausal models. Their creation thus combines aspects of analysis by close inspection,that is, reason analysis and cross-tabular analysis, with statistical analysis procedures,especially those that are special cases of the generalized linear model (McCullaghand Nelder, 1989; Agresti, 1996; Lindsey, 1997). This paper explores some of the roots of this combined method and suggests some new directions. An exercise clarifies some limitations of classic reason analysis by showing how the cross tabulation of variables with controls for test factors may produce better inferences. Then, given the cross tabulation of several variables, by explicating Coleman effect parameters, logistic regressions, and Poisson log-linear models, it shows how generalized linear models provide appropriate measures of effects and tests of statistical significance. Finally, to address a weakness of reason analysis, a case-control design is proposed and an example is developed. 相似文献
70.
Time-Based Management of the New Product Development Process 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This study explored the problem of compressing new product development by focusing on the specific phases of the innovation process. These phases manifest significant qualitative differences that require attention for understanding the complexities of accelerating new product development. Based on data from 35 high-technology companies, Necmi Karagozoglu and Warren Brown identified several different acceleration methods. Results revealed unexpected and at times inconsistent insights than those reflected in the case study and anecdotally based literature, and implied also that some of the well documented approaches to successful new product development need to be replaced with their time-based versions. 相似文献