Exploring the mediating role of utilitarian value and hedonic value in the formation of oppositional loyalty in online communities

Our research expands the scope of the research on oppositional loyalty from brands to online communities. Online communities allow members to freely express their opinions and promote the occurrence of oppositional loyalty behaviours towards the communities. Oppositional loyalty is defined in this article that, for the purpose of strengthening the market position of their preferred community, members of the online community may express negative views or even show oppositional behaviour towards adversarial communities. In view of social capital theory, the study examines the effect of hedonic value and utilitarian value on oppositional loyalty in online communities. The results show that only hedonic value significantly affects oppositional loyalty; hedonic value mediates the effect of the three dimensions of social capital (network ties, identification, and common language) on oppositional loyalty. The study identifies that community type moderates the impact of social capital (identification and common language) on hedonic value but does not moderate the effect of social capital on utilitarian value. Finally, we find that members' oppositional loyalty towards their community can promote their community participation. This research provides recommendations for online community managers to manage and benefit from members' oppositional loyalty.     

Asymptotic subadditivity/superadditivity of Value-at-Risk under tail dependence

This paper presents a new method for discussing the asymptotic subadditivity/superadditivity of Value-at-Risk (VaR) for multiple risks. We consider the asymptotic subadditivity and superadditivity properties of VaR for multiple risks whose copula admits a stable tail dependence function (STDF). For the purpose, a marginal region is defined by the marginal distributions of the multiple risks, and a stochastic order named tail concave order is presented for comparing individual tail risks. We prove that asymptotic subadditivity of VaR holds when individual risks are smaller than regularly varying (RV) random variables with index −1 under the tail concave order. We also provide sufficient conditions for VaR being asymptotically superadditive. For two multiple risks sharing the same copula function and satisfying the tail concave order, a comparison result on the asymptotic subadditivity/superadditivity of VaR is given. Asymptotic diversification ratios for RV and log regularly varying (LRV) margins with specific copula structures are obtained. Empirical analysis on financial data is provided for highlighting our results.     

基于BDS的ADS-B报文生成系统

目前国际民航组织（ICAO）和美国航空无线电技术委员会（RTCA）有关广播式自动相关监视（ADS-B）标准中的报文数据源均规定来自全球定位系统（GPS）,而中国自主建设的“北斗”卫星导航系统（BDS）作为ADS-B数据源是必然趋势。设计了基于BDS的ADS-B报文生成系统的总体架构,利用BDS接收机接收的真实数据仿真生成了ADS-B的6种报文,并以空中位置报文的生成为例,详细阐述了报文产生涉及的关键技术以及报文的生成过程。通过运行集成后的ADS-B报文生成系统以及对所产生的6种报文的仿真验证,证明该系统总体设计思路合理,运行结果正确,可为基于BDS的ADS-B相关技术研究提供稳定可靠的ADS-B报文源。     

Workforce diversity and financial statement readability

The Securities and Exchange Commission has associated readability with a range of linguistic features largely determined by the language style of the information producers, including sentence length and the use of personal pronouns, familiar words, surplus words and active voice. We examine the impact of a firm's workforce ethnic diversity on its financial statement readability. Based on linguistic literature, we argue that a more diverse workforce increases the linguistic heterogeneity of the inputs into financial statements, hindering financial statement readability. We show that financial statement readability decreases with the ethnic diversity of the workforce, and that this effect is more pronounced for firms located in a community with a high crime rate or low social capital. We also find that the market reacts less to the earnings surprises of firms with less readable financial statements. We further find that the impact of white-collar employee diversity on readability is greater than that of blue-collar employee diversity. The results of robustness tests suggest that workplace diversity does not reduce firms' overall information production quality, which rules out the alternative explanation that employee diversity hinders financial statement readability through increasing employee conflict and communication errors. Overall, our study suggests that workforce diversity is an important determinant of financial statement readability.     

中水源热泵地板供暖运行策略分析

为研究中水源热泵地板供暖系统的节能策略,以石家庄市某实际运行小区的中水源热泵地板辐射供暖系统为对象,引入室外综合温度的概念,综合考虑室外气温、太阳辐射热与风速等环境因子的影响,推导得出了地板辐射供暖系统质调节情况下,保证热用户舒适度的二次网供、回水温度调节公式。经实际运行测试,由该调节公式计算得出的二次网供、回水温度作为地板辐射供暖系统分时段质调节的依据,可以在满足热用户舒适度要求的情况下,取得良好的节能效果。中水源热泵系统与地板辐射供暖系统的结合及推广为城市集中供热提供了新思路。     

地方官员引领产业结构变动

新结构经济学在理论上揭示了发展中国家政府引领产业结构变动的可能性。本文构造了中国省级官员与四位数制造业产业结构变动相匹配的面板数据,系统分析省级官员对辖区产业结构变动的影响,结果发现,在1998-2007年间,平均而言,省委书记省长在短期内能引领辖区产业结构变动;其引领效应随任期增加而下降。本文的发现是相当稳健的,揭示了产业结构变动在短期可以靠官员,在长期主要靠市场。     

丙泊酚复合利多卡因静脉麻醉在高血压患者结肠镜检查中的应用

目的探讨丙泊酚复合利多卡因静脉麻醉在高血压患者结肠镜检查中的安全性及效果。方法回顾性分析47例高血压患者的结肠镜检查资料,将其分为常规组、无痛组。无痛组静脉缓慢注射丙泊酚和利多卡因混合液,使患者入睡后进镜检查。监测并记录两组在检查前、检查中、检查后的收缩压、舒张压、心率、血氧饱和度及镜检时间。无痛组记录麻醉诱导时间、苏醒时间、计算力及提问对答恢复正常时间。结果无痛组全部到达检查终点,常规组有2例未达到回盲部;无痛组镜检时间明显低于常规组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);无痛组的收缩压、舒张压、心率在检查中较检查前明显下降(P<0.05);常规组收缩压、舒张压、心率在检查中比检查前明显增高(P<0.05);两组检查结束后收缩压、舒张压、心率均恢复至检查前水平;血氧饱和度在两组的各个检查中无明显变化。无痛组麻醉诱导时间为(1.9±0.6)min、清醒时间为(6±5)min,计算力及提问对答恢复正常时间为(6±5)min。结论应用丙泊酚复合利多卡因静脉麻醉对高血压患者进行无痛结肠镜检查是可靠的。     

约束型政策对于生育性别选择行为的影响:基于TPB模型的解释

基于计划行为理论(Theory of Planned Behavior,TPB)模型,利用陕西省三个县区的调查数据,对约束型政策在生育性别选择行为决策当中的作用进行了分析。个人的儿子偏好态度、社会关系网络成员的儿子偏好态度仍然是生育性别选择行为的决定性影响因素,约束型政策对生育性别选择行为具有一定的影响,但十分有限。研究结论对于现阶段中国出生人口性别比的治理提供了一定的启示,指出包含查出两非、全程服务、利益导向和宣传倡导等在内的综合手段对治理出生人口性别比具有积极作用。     

美国对华贸易政策最新发展动向

2006年2月14日,就在西方“情人节”的当天,美国贸易代表办公室(USTR)发表了一份长达29页名为《中美贸易关系:进入更大责任和执法新阶段》的报告。这是自2001年中国加入WTO以来美国就对华贸易发表的第一份全面评估报告,因而引起了国内外舆论的广泛关注。从中,我们可以窥探出美国对华贸易政策的最新发展动向。1美国对华贸易政策的基点:中美贸易关系进入第三阶段二战以来,美国贸易政策一直坚持两个核心原则:①促进建立一个更加开放,以规则为基的国际贸易体制;②在更开放的全球市场中为美国人民寻求经济利益。其贸易政策着重致力于通过在本国…     

胃肠减压在腹部外科疾病治疗中的应用及护理干预

目的探讨胃肠减压在腹部外科疾病治疗中的应用及护理干预。方法对80例腹部外科疾病患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,内容包括胃肠减压方法、护理干预措施、胃肠减压应用及护理效果、满意度等,将所得资料进行统计学分析后得出结论。结果 80例腹部外科疾病患者胃肠减压平均时间(4.4±1.2)d,减压管置入平均置入深度(60±3)cm;插管成功率100.0%,失败率0.0%(P<0.05);4例(5.0%)患者发生相关并发症,其中3例(3.8%)肺部感染、1例(1.2%)电解质紊乱;患者对护理满意度评分高达(93.2±2.1)分。结论胃肠减压在腹部外科疾病治疗过程中具有重要作用,经正确的护理配合后可有效提高插管成功率。