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排序方式: 共有920条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
821.
822.
823.
从抗酸药到任何一个新的肿瘤治疗药物,在FDA批准其在美国市场销售之前,每一个药物都必需经过对照的临床试验证明其安全性和有效性.…… 相似文献
824.
Thomas J. O'Brien Linda Schmid Klein James I. Hilliard 《European Financial Management》2007,13(5):979-997
We show how capital structure swaps can increase the wealth of a firm's long‐term shareholders when a firm's debt or equity is misvalued. We review the conventional rule that a firm should issue equity and use the proceeds to retire outstanding debt (an equity‐for‐debt swap) when equity is overvalued, or repurchase equity with proceeds of new debt (a debt‐for‐equity swap) when equity is undervalued. We also analyse the more complex case where a firm's debt and equity are both undervalued, showing the optimal swap may be to issue undervalued equity, contrary to the conventional rule. 相似文献
825.
826.
龚爱华 《南京审计学院学报》2005,2(2):81-83
人名不仅仅是一种简单的符号标记,也是一种社会文化现象,蕴涵着丰富的社会文化内涵,能折射出不同的历史文化渊源、价值观及宗教信仰。英汉人名都具有特指性、美化性、体现对自然崇拜等文化共性,也存在着构成方式、历史渊源、体现的价值观念和宗教信仰等方面的差异,英汉人名互译时必须注意英汉姓名中不同的文化内涵。 相似文献
827.
The economic approach to optimal criminal penalties measures the welfare effects of crime and punishment in dollar terms, ignoring differences in the marginal utility of money among people. This paper alternatively proposes using time as the unit of measure in determining optimal criminal penalties, measuring the costs and benefits of crime in hours or days instead of dollars. The policy implications differ substantially from those in the existing economic literature. Equal prison terms impose similar time costs on all individuals rather than being more costly for those with higher foregone earnings. Equal fines impose the same cost on all individuals in the dollar-based economic models but in a time-denominated system are costlier to those who require more time to earn the money to pay the fines. In principle, one can use either money or time in setting penalties. However, time-based penalties are more consistent with the fundamental and widely held principles of justice on which the U.S. legal system rests. 相似文献
828.
Jennifer Francis Katherine Schipper Linda Vincent 《Contemporary Accounting Research》2003,20(1):121-164
We analyze the ability of earnings and non‐earnings performance metrics to explain the variability in annual stock returns for industries where we identify, ex ante, an allegedly preferred (for valuation purposes) summary performance metric. We identify three industries where earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) and cash from operations (CFO) are preferred, and three industries where specific non‐GAAP performance metrics are preferred. As a benchmark, we also examine the ability of EBITDA and CFO to explain returns for seven industries for which earnings is the preferred metric. Results for the benchmark earnings industries show that earnings dominates EBITDA and CFO in explaining returns. All other results are inconsistent with the view that perceptions of preferred metrics are reflected in actual aggregate investment behaviors. 相似文献
829.
This field survey in a fast food restaurant setting tested the hypothesized influences of two social context variables (role responsibility and interests of group members) and justice evaluations (distributive, procedural, and retributive) on respondents' inclination to report theft and their theft reporting behavior. The results provided mixed support for the hypotheses. Inclination to report a peer for theft was associated with role responsibility, the interests of group members, and procedural justice perceptions. Actual reporting behavior was associated with the inclination to report and with retributive justice evaluations. Implications for future research and for management are discussed.Bart Victor is Associate Professor of Management in the Kenan Flagler School of Business at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He earned his Ph.D. in management. His research interests have focused on culture and climates in organizations and problems in organizational design.Linda Klebe Trevino is Assistant Professor of Organizational Behavior at the Mary Jean and Frank B. Smeal College of Business Administration, The Pennsylvania State University. She received her Ph.D. in management. Her research focuses on the management of ethical-unethical behavior in organizations and justice in disciplinary situations.Debra L. Shapiro is Associate Professor of Business Administration in the Kenan Flagler School of Business at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her research regards managing conflict in organizations, via procedural justice, interactional justice, negotiation tactics, and grievance procedures. 相似文献
830.
Linda Ferguson Peter G. Mcgregor J. Kim Swales Ya Ping Yin 《Economic Systems Research》2005,17(2):103-140
In recent years, the notion of sustainable development has begun to figure prominently in the regional, as well as the national, policy concerns of many industrialized countries. Indicators have typically been used to monitor changes in economic, environmental and social variables to show whether economic development is on a sustainable path. In this paper we endogenize individual and composite environmental indicators within an appropriately specified computable general equilibrium modelling framework for Scotland. In principle, at least, this represents a very powerful modelling tool that can inform the policy making process by identifying the impact of any exogenous policy change on the key endogenous environmental and economic indicators. It can also identify the effects of any binding environmental targets on economic activity. 相似文献