The power of positivity? The influence of positive psychological capital language on crowdfunding performance

We extend the entrepreneurship literature to include positive psychological capital — an individual or organization's level of psychological resources consisting of hope, optimism, resilience, and confidence — as a salient signal in crowdfunding. We draw from the costless signaling literature to argue that positive psychological capital language usage enhances crowdfunding performance. We examine 1726 crowdfunding campaigns from Kickstarter, finding that entrepreneurs conveying positive psychological capital experience superior fundraising performance. Human capital moderates this relationship while social capital does not, suggesting that costly signals may, at times, enhance the influence of costless signals. Post hoc analyses suggest findings generalize across crowdfunding types, but not to IPOs.     

Small Firms and Economic Transformation in Bulgaria

The pace of transition to a market economy has been slower in Bulgaria than in some other east European countries in the 1990s. Output levels in the state owned sector, which has not yet been subject to mass privatisation, have fallen sharply and there has been a dramatic increase in unemployment. There has however also been a rapid growth in the number of small firms, and the ability of this sector to generate new jobs will be an important component of labour market dynamics in the future. Some of the main characteristics of this emergent sector are identified on the basis of a sample survey of nearly 400 small Bulgarian firms, covering competitiveness, entrepreneurship, innovation, networking, labour relations and business performance of the small firms. Key features of a subset of small firms with an orientation towards employment growth are identified.     

Developing Countries' Changing Participation in World Trade

Recent years have seen substantial reductions in trade policyand other barriers inhibiting developing country participationin world trade. Lower barriers have contributed to a dramaticshift in the pattern of developing country trade—awayfrom dependence on commodity exports to much greater relianceon manufactures and services. In addition, exports to otherdeveloping countries have become much more important. Thesechanges have profound implications for the role played by developingcountries in the world economy and trade system.      

Asymmetric performance: the market share impact of scale and link alliances in the global auto industry

This study investigates how participating in strategic alliances with rivals affects the relative competitive positions of the partner firms. The paper builds on studies that show significant differences in the outcomes of scale and link alliances. The study argues that the more asymmetric outcomes of link alliances translate into greater changes in the relative market shares of the partner firms, due to unbalanced opportunities for inter‐partner learning and learning by doing. We find support for this argument by examining 135 alliances among competing firms in the global automobile industry, from 1966 to 1995. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

来自美国能源公司的观点:如何看待能源供应安全

实行石油供应来源多样化有利于提高石油供应的安全性，但是要使供应多样化有效地发挥作用，关键要分清哪些是商业石油供应国，哪些是战略石油供应国。确定前者的重要且充分条件是其石油供应的规模和增长潜力，而后者必须有较大的机动生产能力来弥补世界其他地区的供应中断。据此分析，沙特阿拉伯仍将是可靠的战略石油供应国，伊拉克不会成为新的机动产油国，俄罗斯的石油也不能作为能源安全的基础，里海地区仍有诸多风险，西非对世界石油供应格局的影响有限，拉丁美洲则需要扩大油气部门的开放。对美国而言，最为紧迫的能源安全问题不是石油供应安全而是天然气供应安全。天然气尚未成为全球性商品，难以长途运输且船运费用高昂。美国国内天然气供应和价格所面临的压力对美国的能源安全和经济产生的威胁要大于原油成本的上升。     

股权结构治理结构与审计师选聘--2002年深圳股市的实证检验

笔者等以2002年深圳股市的484家上市公司为样本，考察了大股东控制的公司审计师的选择行为，以及公司治理结构是否能够遏制大股东的偏好。结果发现，第一大股东持股比例越大，越不会聘请国际“四大”会计师事务所的境内合作所；但是，如果第一大股东是外资股，他们更可能聘请国际“四大”会计师事务所的境内合作所。     

浅谈新旧制度下票据贴现业务的核算

财政部于2001年11月制定了《金融企业会计制度》，并于2002年1月1日起在上市的金融公司范围内实施。随着《金融企业会计制度》的出台，商业银行许多业务的会计处理发生了很大变化。本文通过对比新旧金融企业会计制度中对商业汇票贴现业务的会计处理，分析了商业汇票贴现利息收入确认方面的区别。     

Adolph Lowe's Methodological Alternative for Economic Research and Policy

A bstract . Social scientists and philosophers are engaged in a profound re-examination of the foundations of economic science. Among them the economist, Adolph Lowe , opened a new vista. First, in his Economics and Sociology: A Plea for Cooperation in the Social Sciences (1935) he argued compellingly for a unified social science. Lowe introduced there the concept of " instrumental analysis " which he greatly modified in On Economic Knowledge (1965) and applied to a major issue of contemporary economics in The Path of Economic Growth (1976). Instrumental analysis is intended to achieve a system of " political economics ," a theory for deriving one or more paths—a sequence of positions—over which an initial state of an economy can be transformed into a terminal state—a goal itself stipulated by political decision. Instrumental analysis is also used to determine measures of public control to achieve the behavioral pattern suitable to set and keep the system on the goal-adequate trajectory.     

黄河三角洲高效生态经济发展新探

黄河三角洲是我国最后一个尚未全面开发的大河三角洲。黄河三角洲的开发与发展,在国内外引起了极大的关注与重视。不少发达国家跃跃欲试,联合国工业发展组织和开发计划署等国际组织都把黄河三角洲的开发列入了重要议事日程。随着黄河三角洲开发进程的不断推进,在严重缺水和土地沙化、盐碱化的特定环境下,高效生态经济发展的重要性更是不言而喻。否则,整个经济社会的可持续发展都将无从谈起。