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91.
This paper estimates how the shape of the implied volatility smile and the size of the variance risk premium relate to parameters of GARCH-type time-series models measuring how conditional volatility responds to return shocks. Markets in which return shocks lead to large increases in conditional volatility tend to have larger variance risk premia than markets in which the impact on conditional volatility is slight. Markets in which negative (positive) return shocks lead to larger increases in future volatility than positive (negative) return shocks tend to have downward (upward) sloping implied volatility smiles. Also, differences in how volatility responds to return shocks as measured by GARCH-type models explain much, but not all, of the variations in excess kurtosis and multi-period skewness across different markets. 相似文献
92.
Patrick M. Kreiser Louis D. Marino Donald F. Kuratko K. Mark Weaver 《Small Business Economics》2013,40(2):273-291
Previous studies have generally established a positive relationship between aggregated measures of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm performance. However, there are theoretical reasons suggesting that three dimensions of EO (innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking) may possess differential relationships with performance in smaller firms. This study utilizes a sample consisting of 1,668 small-to-medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in nine countries across 13 different industries to provide a finer-grained analysis of the EO-performance relationship. Specifically, we theorize and test a non-monotonic influence of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking on SME performance. Innovativeness and proactiveness displayed predominantly positive U-shaped relationships with SME performance. Risk-taking, however, displayed a predominantly negative U-shaped relationship with SME performance. Further, individualism was found to positively moderate the relationships between innovativeness-performance and proactiveness-performance. Taken together, these results suggest that differential relationships exist between three dimensions of EO and SME performance, with important theoretical implications for future EO research. 相似文献
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Louis Putterman 《Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics》2009,80(1):119-131
ABSTRACT ** : The facts that people can sometimes commit to fulfill promises even when there are no binding penalties and that kind and trusting acts are often reciprocated by trustworthy ones make possible forms of group action that might be ruled out in a hypothetical world of perfectly opportunistic individuals. I discuss some new experiments with a modified Berg, Dickhaut and McCabe (1995) ' trust game' that provide evidence that most subjects adhere to non-binding agreements, that many are prepared to rely on trust rather than use binding but moderately costly contracts, that the possibility of exchanging words rather than mere numerical proposals enhances trusting and trustworthiness, and that subjects are drawn to fair and efficient exchanges despite the self-interest model's prediction of outcomes more favorable to first-movers. 相似文献
96.
We define ethical system infrastructure as being composed of three major factors – means, motivation, and opportunity. Means are defined as organizational rules, policies, and procedures. Motivation focuses upon the values and the interests being pursued by the position occupant and the organizational value system, while opportunity is discussed in terms of the environment in which the dilemma occurs, proposing that position in the hierarchy presents its own unique set of ethical dilemmas. Ethical breeches are discussed in terms of the interactional processes among means, motivation, and opportunity. Finally, a sequential process is suggested to use the infrastructural components to institutionalize organizational ethics training and subsequent behavior. 相似文献
97.
Steven Shuye Wang Wei Li Louis T. W. Cheng 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》2009,32(3):235-267
We conjecture that an introduction of the Hong Kong Hang Seng Chinese Enterprise Stock Index (H-share Index) futures induces
additional speculating activities in the underlying equities, leading to an increase in volatility and volume of the underlying
stocks. Whereas, a subsequent introduction of H-share index options increases the level of informed trading and opens up opportunities
for speculative and arbitrage activities using futures directly against options. These futures and options trading activities
are much cheaper and more efficient than using the underlying stocks, leading to a significant decline in spot market volatility
and volume. Our results are consistent with these arguments. We also find that derivative trading does not change the liquidity
of H-share constituent stocks. Further tests based on the difference-in-difference approach confirm that the above findings
are robust.
相似文献
Louis T. W. Cheng (Corresponding author)Email: |
98.
Lester A. Neidell Louis E. Boone James W. Cagley 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1984,12(4):161-176
Plain-label generic products consisting of food and household staples and cigarettes have made significant inroads into the
market shares previously held by the national brands of manufacturers and the private brands of wholesalers and retailers.
Although the small number of published research studies analyzing purchasers of generic products have described the user as
a member of an upscale professional, college-educated household, the research reported in this paper analyzed both demographic
and lifestyle characteristics of generic users, non-users, and aware nonusers. Purchase behavior, product evaluation variation,
and purchase probabilities for the three segments are examined. Acceptance of generic products appears to adversely affect
the sales of national brands more than private brands, since most generic product purchasers had previously purchased national
brands. 相似文献
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