Stochastic Technology, Risk Preferences, and Adoption of Site-Specific Technologies

A model of farmer decision making is developed to determine the extent to which uncertainties about soil fertility and weather affect the value of site-specific technologies (SSTs) using jointly estimated risk and technology parameters. Uncertainty can lead risk-averse farmers to apply more fertilizers and generate more pollution than in the certainty case. Ignoring uncertainty and risk aversion would overestimate the economic and environmental benefits of SSTs and underestimate the subsidy required to induce adoption. Accounting for uncertainties and risk preferences might explain the low observed adoption rates of SSTs. Improving the accuracy of SSTs would increase the incentives for adoption.     

Pricing continuously sampled Asian options with perturbation method

This article explores the price of continuously sampled Asian options. For geometric Asian options, we present pricing formulas for both backward‐starting and forward‐starting cases. For arithmetic Asian options, we demonstrate that the governing partial differential equation (PDE) cannot be transformed into a heat equation with constant coefficients; therefore, these options do not have a closed‐form solution of the Black–Scholes type, that is, the solution is not given in terms of the cumulative normal distribution function. We then solve the PDE with a perturbation method and obtain an analytical solution in a series form. Numerical results show that as compared with Zhang's ( 2001 ) highly accurate numerical results, the series converges very quickly and gives a good approximate value that is more accurate than any other approximate method in the literature, at least for the options tested in this article. Graphical results determine that the solution converges globally very quickly especially near the origin, which is the area in which most of the traded Asian options fall. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:535–560, 2003     

对《形状和位置公差》新标准的理解和应用

通过对《形状和位置公差》新、旧国际的对比，综述了新、旧标准间的不同之处、便于迅速了解和应用新标准。     

Price rigidities and institutional variations in markets with posted prices

Summary Standard laboratory posted-offer markets respond slowly and incompletely to demand shocks. In these one-sided markets, where sellers control the setting of prices, very little information is transmitted via the process of exchange. For this reason, traders have trouble distinguishing randomness in their own experience from changes in market fundamentals. This paper reports the results of twelve laboratory markets conducted to assess whether some common variants to standard posted-offer rules can correct the adjustment deficiences. Although discounting, multiple postings and excess demand information all improve performance, we find that response remains poor, and efficiencies low.Support for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation (SBR 9319842 and SBR 9320044), and the University of Virginia Bankard Fund. Data are archived at FTP address: fido.econlab.arizona.edu. We wish to thank Charles Plott and Shyam Sunder for useful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. The usual disclaimer applies.     

论文化的匹配性及其对跨国投资、经营和管理的影响

跨国公司集团在全球范围内配置资源和投资决策时,往往将民族文化的差异考虑在内(Matten,2004)。由各国家和地区内各政党的政策及其相互关系所代表的政治文化模式,对跨国投资的区位决策有重大影响(Mudambi,2003)。Dunning(1988)的FDI折衷理论认为区位优势可以解释跨国公司的投资     

成本途径评估机器设备三种贬值率的组合方法

本文分析了物质性、技术性和经济性三种贬值在其涉及的时间段方面的差别,又分析了在用成本途径估算机器设备的续用公平市场价值的运用加法和乘法组合贬值率时所代表的不同意义,从而阐明了各种贬值率组合的一般原理,并举了四个常用的组合实例.     

现金流量表简易编制法

编制《现金流量表》是会计报表制度的重要改革，由于《现金流量表》推行时间不长，部分财会人员对此比较陌生。作根据自身工作实践和教学实践，就编制《现金流量表》的依据、内容、方法等，提出一系列见解，可供企业财务人员参考。     

邓小平经济特区理论探析

在中国创办经济特区，是建设中国特色社会主义的一项重要举措，而邓小平关于经济特区的理论，则是建设中国特色社会主义理论体系的一个重要内容。“创办经济特区，是邓小平同志亲自倡导、设计并始终关注和支持的一项崭新事业，是我们党和国家的一个重大决策。经济特区作为对外开放的‘窗口’，为全国的改革开放一直发挥着试验，探路和积极推动的作用，并以自己宝贵经验为丰富建设有中国特色社会主义的理论作出了贡献。”邓小平经济特区理论包含着十分丰富的内容，从其提出，发展到获得普遍的指导意义，无不伴随着建设中国特色社会主义理论和实践的全过程。当前，进一步学习邓小平经济特区理论，对于我们全面建设小康社会，加快推进社会主义现代化的新进程仍然具有十分重要的指导意义。     

税收筹划:企业节税的理性选择

一、税收筹划的涵义 税收筹划是指纳税人采取合法的节税方式,通过研究税收法律规定,关注税收政策变化,利用不同国家间税法上的差异和我国地域间、行业间税收政策的差别,对经营活动事先筹划和安排,进行纳税方案的优化选择,以尽可能地减轻负担,获取最大税收利益的一种行为.随着经济运行的法治化、规范化以及纳税人纳税意识的提高,企业从维护自身整体、长远利益出发,必将摒弃避税、偷逃税等短期行为,将科学的税收筹划活动纳入到企业自身的经营行为之中,成为企业实现财务管理目标,合法节税的一种理性选择.     

石油经济大事(2001年12月)

2日 美国能源交易商安然公司向纽约破产法院申请破产保护,安然公司在破产申请文件中开列的资产总额为498亿美元,创下了美国历史上最大宗的公司破产案记录。安然公司前任财务主管涉嫌做假帐,受到美国证券交易委员会调查后,公司股价由2000年最高每股90美元急剧下跌至近日每股26美分。 10日 俄罗斯总理卡西亚诺夫表示,将履行从2002年1月1日起将原油日产量减少15万桶的承诺,并可能将减产期限由原来的一个季度延长至6个月。 承担特大型石化合资项目的上海赛科石油化工有限责任公司在京成立。该公司由中国石油化工