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991.
Partly in response to the Asian economic crisis, many organisations in the Asia Pacific rim reduced staff numbers. This research examines the New Zealand experience of this change intervention from 1997 to 1999. This includes an examination of the impact on financial performance, and how the process followed may moderate such an impact. A questionnaire instrument was designed to measure this, to which responses were received from 155 New Zealand for-profit organisations employing fifty or more people.There is some evidence to suggest that those respondents who had downsized over the period of the study reported lower measures of profitability than those who did not (p < .05). Also, ensuring the procedure was perceived as just by the employees, and offering outplacement help to those who lost their jobs, went some way to improving the financial performance of downsized firms (p < .05). This may suggest that if downsizing is necessary then attention needs to be given to how the process is implemented in order to maximise the financial return.Peter Carswell teaches, consults and researches in the areas of organisational change, development, and innovation; leadership; strategic management; team building; people management and human resource training; organisational culture; management development; and entrepreneurship. He is a research fellow at UNITEC Institute of Technology in New Zealand. 相似文献
992.
Empirical studies have shown that the size distribution of firms can be described as a Pareto distribution. However, these
studies have focused on large firms and aggregate statistics. Little attention has been placed on the role of technology in
shaping firm size distributions. Using a comprehensive dataset of manufacturing firms and the Community Innovation Survey
from the Netherlands, the paper investigates the relationship between firm size and technology. It shows that technological
factors shape the distribution of firm size, suggesting that the Pareto law is not an invariant property and that technology
can constrain the “self-organising” character of industrial economies. 相似文献
993.
This paper examines the price effects of generic drugs that are produced by brand-name drug firms and that are labeled, priced,
and marketed to compete against independent generics. The strategy of introducing such “pseudo-generics” – also known as “authorized
generics” – has raised some antitrust concerns. One defense of this strategy has been that the additional competition created
by pseudo-generics should lead to lower prices. This paper develops a simple model to show that pseudo-generics can be expected
to have exactly the opposite effect. It then examines empirical evidence on this point from the Canadian pharmaceutical market,
showing that there appears to be a positive relationship between drug prices and the share of generic sales made by the brand’s
own pseudo-generic. 相似文献
994.
This paper covers the activities of the Economic Analysis Group (EAG), during 2004–2005. It describes the economic analysis
undertaken by EAG in several important investigations, appellate matters, and other activities as an advocate for competition. 相似文献
995.
996.
Henri?ChristiaansEmail author Kees?Venselaar 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2005,15(3):217-236
The present study focuses on the relationship between the acquisition of design knowledge by novice design students and the
quality of their designs. Design learning is typically based on action and reflection. Knowledge of solution processes, being
part of this reflection, is found to be crucial in monitoring and controlling the design process and in reaching an optimal,
creative result. The studies described in this article suggest a close relationship between the amount of process knowledge
– knowledge of managing and monitoring the solution finding process – reported by novice designers, and the creativity of
the designed product. 相似文献
997.
There is a continuing perception that current educational arrangements for technology education in modern liberal democracies are at odds with its actual delivery in the classroom (Dakers & Doherty 2003). The technè versus poiesis tension (explained later) is one major contributor to this perception. Equally, the practice of transmission versus constructivist pedagogies contributes to the mismatch between policy and practice.This paper will investigate how factors relating to these two contributions affect the delivery of technological education. It will begin by discussing the derivation of the word technology and how its modern incarnation has become not only amorphous, but confusing for technology education, in that the term can be taken to mean production on the one hand or process on the other. It will then explore technology teachers perceptions (and misperceptions) of what constitutes technology education, and discuss why this can lead to confusion. It will further consider how this can affect the pedagogy adopted. It will then examine two pedagogical frameworks which result from teachers perceptions of technology education as either; a process of internalisation of technological skills and functions as representations exclusively within the mind and unique to the individual, thus solo, or; a process of technological skills and functions embedded in sociocultural activity in which cognition is distributed across the internal mind and the external environment. Finally, the paper will offer a framework for the delivery of technology education set within a community of learners paradigm. 相似文献
998.
Robert?A.?GiacaloneEmail author Karen?Paul Carole?L.?Jurkiewicz 《Journal of Business Ethics》2005,58(4):295-305
Research on positive psychology demonstrates that specific individual dispositions are associated with more desirable outcomes. The relationship of positive psychological constructs, however, has not been applied to the areas of business ethics and social responsibility. Using four constructs in two independent studies (hope and gratitude in Study 1, spirituality and generativity in Study 2), the relationship of these constructs to sensitivity to corporate social performance (CSCSP) were assessed. Results indicate that all four constructs significantly predicted CSCSP, though only hope and gratitude interacted to impact CSCSP. Discussion focuses upon these findings, limitations of the study, and future avenues for research. 相似文献
999.
Applying evidence from recently available public information on Enron, I defined Enron’s culture as one rooted in agency theory
by asserting that Enron’s members were predominantly agency-reasoning individuals. I then identified conditions present at
Enron’s collapse: a strong agency culture with collectively non-compliant norms, a munificent rare-failure environment, and
new hires with little business ethics training. Turning to four possible antidotes (selection, objectivist integrity, integrity
capacity, and stewardship reasoning) to an agency culture under these conditions, I argued that the currently available ethics
literature would have made little difference toward averting Enron’s collapse if any of the recommendations from the relevant
ethics literature had been implemented. I conclude by identifying new directions for business ethics literature in order to
make it more implementable under the conditions identified at Enron. Essentially, we need a way to clearly determine (1) the
difference between connivance and commitment, (2) what is meant by balance with regard to the multiple dimensions of ethics
and legal theories, and (3) the proper balance between agency and stewardship reasoning.
Brian E. Kulik is a Ph.D. candidate in Management at Washington State University’s School of Business. His work focuses on
the prevention of corporate corruption, corporate governance and ethics, teamwork and diversity, and research methods. His
research to date has appeared in the Western and National Academy of Management conference proceedings and the journal Organizational
Analysis. He earned M.S. degrees from Washington State University and The University of Cincinnati, and M.B.A. from The University
of Denver. 相似文献
1000.
Charles A.E.?Goodhart Pojanart?Sunirand Dimitrios P.?TsomocosEmail author 《Annals of Finance》2005,1(2):197-224
Summary. This paper proposes a model to assess risk for banks. Its main innovation is to incorporate endogenous interaction among banks, where the actual risk an individual bank bears also depends on its interaction with other banks and investors. We develop a two-period general equilibrium model with three active heterogeneous banks, incomplete markets, and endogenous default. The model is calibrated against UK banking data and therefore can be implemented as a risk assessment tool for regulators and central banks. We address the impact of monetary and regulatory policy, credit and capital shocks in the real and financial sectors.We are grateful to Lea Zicchino, an anonymous referee, seminar participants at the Bank of England, and the third Conference in Research in Economic Theory and Econometrics, Syros, for helpful comments. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Bank of England.This revised version was published online in January 2005 with corrections to the Cover date. 相似文献