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81.
Service markets are becoming global, open and competitive. Knowledge is more available, technology more complex and service life‐cycles are shortening. In order to satisfy this challenge, more innovation management tools are required to get better and more successful new or improved products and services. This paper analyzes the relationship between the use of innovation management tools (IMT) and the degree of development of innovation process through the application of a five phase innovation model (TEMAGUIDE). This is undertaken in a group of service organizations from three sectors: trade, healthcare and education. The sequence of the innovation process development is defined between activities and use of innovation tools. Results show that activities and practices are more developed than use of innovation management tools, and also show that leading innovation organizations have a higher use of IMT. 相似文献
82.
Conventional wisdom has long held that, in relationship-based economies such as Japan and Germany, corporations are able to borrow more than U.S. companies, which in turn reduces their cost of capital and gives them a competitive edge. But such folklore does not stand up to scrutiny. In Japan and Germany, large businesses do not borrow more than U.S. companies–and, in fact, judging from coverage ratios, German companies (as well as U.K. companies) seem to borrow considerably less than their international competitors.
The article also reports that, in countries where financial markets are transparent, the development of the banking sector has little additional impact on the growth of financially dependent industries. That is, although industries that require a lot of external finance grow faster in countries where the bank credit-to-GDP ratio is high, the growth rates of such industries are much more correlated with the level of accounting standards (with high standards serving as a proxy for well-developed capital markets) than with a strong banking system. 相似文献
The article also reports that, in countries where financial markets are transparent, the development of the banking sector has little additional impact on the growth of financially dependent industries. That is, although industries that require a lot of external finance grow faster in countries where the bank credit-to-GDP ratio is high, the growth rates of such industries are much more correlated with the level of accounting standards (with high standards serving as a proxy for well-developed capital markets) than with a strong banking system. 相似文献
83.
Kurt R. Brekke Luigi Siciliani Odd Rune Straume 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2015,117(3):1019-1048
We study the incentives for quality provision and cost efficiency for hospitals with soft budgets, where the payer can cover deficits or confiscate surpluses. While a higher bailout probability reduces cost efficiency, the effect on quality is ambiguous. Profit confiscation reduces both quality and cost efficiency. First‐best is achieved by a strict no‐bailout and no‐profit‐confiscation policy when the regulated price is optimally set. However, for suboptimal prices, a more lenient bailout policy can be welfare‐improving. When we allow for heterogeneity in costs and qualities, we also show that a softer budget can raise quality for high‐cost patients. 相似文献
84.
Luigi Marengo 《Economic Systems Research》1992,4(1):49-52
This methodological note suggests the use of the maximum eigenvalues of the matrices of the direct input–output coefficients and of the coefficients of vertically integrated sectors as indicators of the aggregate intensity of the demand for intermediate goods. Such indicators have the desirable property of being independent from both relative prices and the composition of final demand and reflect therefore only the structural characteristics of the productive system. 相似文献
85.
Luigi Montella 《Telecommunications Policy》1984,8(3):205-212
Within the framework of increasing US and Japanese competition, an interpretation is given of the future development lines of European telecommunications. Europe is lagging behind in this sector; this is explained in terms of the subdivision of services at the national level and the fragmentation of industrial areas within the respective countries. The minimum basis for recovery should be the establishment of a common European base in the telecommunications sector. A European scenario is proposed with particular attention devoted to the Italian problems in restructuring and development. 相似文献
86.
Luigi M. Tomasini A. Graziani K. W. Rothschild F. Rühl Agnar Sandmo L. Eeckhoudt F. H. Fleck Ch. Seidl J. Gordesch H. W. Jenkis E. Nowotny D. Marx H. Bauer A. Lager H. Reiger 《Journal of Economics》1972,32(2-3):369-396
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
87.
This paper studies the impact of hospital competition on waiting times. We use a Salop-type model, with hospitals that differ in (geographical) location and, potentially, waiting time, and two types of patients: high-benefit patients who choose between neighbouring hospitals (competitive segment), and low-benefit patients who decide whether or not to demand treatment from the closest hospital (monopoly segment). Compared with a benchmark case of monopoly, we find that hospital competition leads to longer waiting times in equilibrium if the competitive segment is sufficiently large. Given a policy regime of hospital competition, the effect of increased competition depends on the parameter of measurement: Lower travelling costs increase waiting times, higher hospital density reduces waiting times, while the effect of a larger competitive segment is ambiguous. We also show that, if the competitive segment is large, hospital competition is socially preferable to monopoly only if the (regulated) treatment price is sufficiently high. 相似文献
88.
89.
Before 1992 mortgage interests in Italy were fully tax deductible up to 3500 Euro (7000 for two cosigners). In 1992-1994 the government implemented a series of tax reforms whose ultimate effect was to eliminate the relation between the after-tax mortgage rate and the marginal tax rate. Using data from the 1989-2002 Survey of Household Income and Wealth we test if the elimination of incentives has affected the sensitivity of the decision to borrow and the amount borrowed with respect to the marginal tax rate. Regression analysis and difference-in-differences estimates indicate that tax considerations have not affected the demand for mortgage debt, neither at the extensive nor intensive margin. These results are consistent with lack of financial information and credit rationing during the sample period. 相似文献
90.
Introducing money into a scheme of general economic equilibrium entails manifold problems, which have emerged in many contributions
to the literature. Some of these problems have been adequately addressed at the level of micro-based approaches which can
be traced back to the monetary theory of Carl Menger. In this survey we shall review such issues, after which we shall attempt
to illustrate the contribution to solving the problem of the origin of money offered by the literature on transaction and
information costs inspired by Menger's monetary theory. (JEL: E40, E42, D83)
Although this paper is the fruit of a common effort, credit for Sections 1, 2, 3, 5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 goes in particular to Giuseppe
Mastromatteo, and for Sections 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 6 to Luigi Ventura.
The authors would like to thank the referees for most useful comments and suggestions; the usual disclaimer applies. 相似文献