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991.
Kristine M. Grimsrud Jill J. McCluskey Maria L. Loureiro Thomas I. Wahl 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2004,55(1):75-90
There is a lack of public acceptance of genetically modified (GM) food products in Europe. Using a dichotomous choice contingent valuation methodology, we find that, on average, survey respondents with a positive attitude toward the use of biotechnology in food production, higher educated, younger, and male need less of a discount to choose to purchase bread made with GM wheat. Further, we estimate confidence intervals for the mean discount required for consumers to choose GM bread. The 95% confidence interval for the mean discount required for the respondents to choose the GM bread is a 37% to 63% discount relative to conventional bread. 相似文献
992.
Kellie Curry Raper Laura M. Cheney Meeta Punjabi 《Review of Agricultural Economics》2006,28(4):531-542
As the 1998 U.S. hog market collapse unfolded, Thorn Apple Valley ceased hog slaughter operations at its Detroit, Michigan plant. We examine the impacts on Michigan live hog prices relative to Eastern Corn Belt hog prices. Results indicate that Michigan producers' relative price advantage diminished after the closure as procurement competition changed. As the impacts of the 1998 hog market collapse were absorbed, Michigan producers' relative price advantage became consistently negative. Examination of Michigan's market hog production distribution indicates postclosure shifts away from production in areas geographically near to Thorn Apple Valley and growth in counties geographically closer to alternative packers. 相似文献
993.
Johan F.M. Swinnen 《Agricultural Economics》2009,40(Z1):719-732
In this article, I draw lessons from two quasi‐natural experiments (the transition process in former Communist countries and the rapid globalization of food chains) on the optimality of farms and agricultural structures more generally. I argue that (a) the farm structures that have emerged from the transition process are much more diverse than expected ex ante; (b) this diversity is to an important extent determined by economic mechanisms which are influenced by initial conditions and reform policies; (c) non‐traditional farm structures have played an important role during transition because they were optimal to address the specific institutional and structural constraints imposed by the transition process; (d) there is more diversity than often argued in the farms that are integrated in global food chains; (e) endogenous institutional (contracting) innovations in food chains may lock existing farm structures in a long‐run institutional framework; and (f) indicators based on farm structures are not a good measure of welfare effects of the globalization of food chains. 相似文献
994.
Ilya V. Surkov Alfons G. J. M. Oude Lansink Olaf van Kooten Wopke van der Werf 《Agricultural Economics》2008,38(3):363-373
Growth and liberalization of world trade have increased the risks of introduction of quarantine plant pests into importing countries. Import inspection of incoming commodities is a major tool for prevention of pest introductions related to world trade, but inspection capacities are limited. This article develops a theoretical and an empirical model for the optimal allocation of inspection effort for phytosanitary inspection of imported commodities when the inspecting agency has a limited capacity. It is shown that the optimal allocation of inspection effort equalizes marginal costs of pest introduction across risky commodity pathways. The numerical illustration finds the optimal allocation of inspection effort of chrysanthemum cuttings imported in the Netherlands. The numerical results suggest that ceteris paribus , greater inspection effort should be allocated to pathways whose inspection yields a greater reduction in the expected costs of pest introduction. The numerical results also suggest that import inspection has a high marginal benefit. In particular, we found that each additional euro of the inspection capacity decreases the expected costs of pest introduction from 18 to 49 euros, depending on the initial inspection capacity. 相似文献
995.
José M. Rueda-Cantuche Erik Dietzenbacher Esteban Fernández Antonio F. Amores 《Economic Systems Research》2013,25(4):435-448
The literature on stochastic input–output (I–O) analysis has paid considerable attention to the bias in the Leontief inverse. This paper extends previous studies by assuming supply and use tables (SUTs rather than I–O tables or input coefficients matrices) to be stochastic. This is a natural starting point because SUTs have become the basic data sources for I–O applications. In a Monte Carlo simulation experiment, a given SUT is randomized in two different ways and the effects are determined for eight different multiplier matrices. The analysis is carried out for Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Germany and Finland, using their SUTs for 2006. The findings indicate that, in general, biases are statistically significant but negligibly small. This corroborates earlier findings obtained for stochastic I–O tables. 相似文献
996.
In this paper we look at the manner in which ideas coming from complexity science change our understanding of the cognitive
powers of agents that is really necessary to explain the evolution of markets and of firms. The general ideas behind complex
systems dynamics and evolution are presented and then two examples are treated in detail. The first in an evolutionary model
of a market in which some new product is developed by competing firms and their “task” is to find a strategy in terms of quality
and price that will be sustainable. This essentially requires agents/firms to discover mutually compatible strategies, and
to create thereby sustainable market niches. The second example considers the internal structure of firms, in terms of their
constituent working practices and skills. It demonstrates that it is precisely their ignorance of the consequences of adopting
any particular practice that generates diversity in the emergent capabilities of firms, exploring the dimension of potential
demand and therefore leading to a successful and sustainable business sector. The work supports the notion that the cognitive
abilities that are involved are not about deduction and logic, as a traditional view of rationality might suggest, but are
about the development and contraction of interpretive frameworks, which will be different for each player. The paper links
these examples to a general recognition of the idea that complex, multi-agent systems evolve through successive “structural
attractors”—multi-dimensional dynamical systems—with temporary structural stability. Because real systems contain both the
structure and deviations from it, then there is a constant probing of structural stability and the possibility of qualitative
change to a new structural attractor. This resembles the ideas in biological evolution related to “punctuated equilibria,”
but it also links this to the idea of emergent and evolving networks of interaction, never of course near thermodynamic equilibrium.
相似文献
997.
998.
On the importance of matching strategic behavior and target market selection to business strategy in high-tech markets 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stanley F. Slater G. Tomas M. Hult Eric M. Olson 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2007,35(1):5-17
Business strategy is fundamentally concerned with the actions required to create superior customer value in the firm’s target
markets with the ultimate goal of achieving superior performance. Marketing theory suggests that two critical marketing activities
required to achieve this end are: (1) the adoption of appropriate strategic behaviors (i.e., customer-oriented, competitor-oriented,
technology-oriented) and (2) targeting of the appropriate market segments (i.e., innovators, early adopters, early majority,
late majority, laggards). This study builds on prior research which demonstrates that the strategic behavior—firm performance
relationship is contingent on the firm’s strategy by examining this relationship in high tech markets and by considering the
incremental contribution of appropriate target market selection. Responses from 160 senior marketing managers in high-tech
firms reveal strong support for our framework. Thus, this study provides useful guidance to executives and managers in high-tech
firms regarding the steps that they should take to increase their probability of success.
相似文献
Eric M. OlsonEmail: |
999.
The purpose of this article is to determine market orientation’s relative impact on small-business performance, compared to
other influences, in an integrated model using longitudinal data. Contrary to expectations based on the management literature,
the results indicate weak causal relationships between market environment, small-firm structure, and small-firm strategy.
The results further indicate weak influences of these variables, but strong and consistent influences of market orientation,
on various measures of small-firm performance. Contrary to expectations based on business policy literature, relative product
quality and new product success were not significant influences on profitability, perhaps due to the significant influence
of market orientation on these variables. In addition, although increases in growth/share had a significant short-term influence
on increases in profitability, high levels of previous years’ firm growth/share had a negative influence on current profitability.
The previous year’s level of firm coordinating systems and market competitive intensity has a significant impact on the level
of small-firm market orientation. 相似文献
1000.
Manuel Alector Ribeiro Patrícia Pinto João Albino Silva Kyle M. Woosnam 《Journal of Sustainable Tourism》2018,26(3):379-398
The Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale (SUS-TAS) has been used as a tool to gauge the sentiment of local residents toward sustainable tourism development. This scale has been validated in cross-cultural settings by several scholars. In a like manner, in order to validate this scale, data were collected in the Cape Verde islands (off the coast of Africa) and the results showed (1) a parsimonious version of the 21-item SUS-TAS that facilitates the process of data collection without compromising its robustness and psychometric properties, (2) a validated second-order factor model, confirming that the seven factors of SUS-TAS can be loaded in two broader dimensions named “perceived tourism impacts” and “expected tourism sustainability”, (3) a SUS-TAS second-order factor model with validity in predicting residents’ support for sustainable tourism development, (4) that SUS-TAS can be interpreted by seven individual factors and/or as a global factor as indicated by the hierarchical measurement model and predictive validity. Methodological and theoretical interpretations are discussed and future refinement and applications are also offered. 相似文献