The safety attitudes of people who use multi-purpose recreation facilities as a physical activity setting

Multi-purpose recreation facilities (MPRFs) are a popular setting for physical activity and it is therefore important that they are safe for all patrons. However, the attitudes of MPRF users towards safety are a potential barrier to the success of injury prevention programmes implemented within MPRFs. This article reports a survey of the safety attitudes of over 700 users of four indoor MPRFs. Factor analysis of 12 five-point Likert scale statements showed that the attitudes clustered around three major dimensions - the importance of safety, the benefits of safety and the perceptions of injury risk. Together, these three dimensions accounted for 49% of the variability in the attitudes. More than 85% of respondents agreed/strongly agreed that: safety was an important aspect of physical activity participation; being injured affected enjoyment of physical activity; people should adopt appropriate safety measures for all physical activity; and individuals were responsible for their own safety. The MPRF users, particularly women and older people, were generally safety conscious, believed in adopting safety measures, and were willing to take responsibility for their own safety. Facility managers can be confident that if they provide evidence-based injury prevention interventions in these settings, then users will respond appropriately and adopt the promoted behaviours.     

Integrating benefits decision making

Integrated employee benefit decision making helps employees use their benefits more wisely and identify opportunities to balance their immediate benefits needs (such as health care) and future benefits needs (such as retirement). This article discusses how employers can overcome employees' behavioral barriers to making integrated employee benefit decisions by changing the ways benefits are communicated and employees are presented with action decisions. Undertaking these steps allows employers to not only improve their employees' overall financial perspectives, but also furthers plan sponsors' goals of actively promoting personal responsibility with respect to retirement funding and changing employee behavior with respect to controlling health care costs.     

How does managed care do it?

Integrating the health services and insurance industries, as health maintenance organizations (HMOs) do, could lower expenditure by reducing either the quantity of services or unit price or both. We compare the treatment of heart disease in HMOs and traditional insurance plans using two datasets from Massachusetts. The nature of these health problems should minimize selection. HMOs have 30% to 40% lower expenditures than traditional plans. Both actual treatments and health outcomes differ little; virtually all the difference in spending comes from lower unit prices. Managed care may yield substantial increases in measured productivity relative to traditional insurance.     

医疗保健组织:改进保健质量和绩效(上)

关于本章医疗保健体系的功能在于帮助人们保持健康的生活状态,应对慢性疾病或残疾,远离病魔,以及对抗死亡。对医疗保健低劣质量的代价进行研究表明,在美国,每年花费在医疗保健上的资金高达2万亿美元,超过30%的资金被过度使用、使用不当或是滥用在对于     

Using a spreadsheet/table template for economic value added analysis

Translating clinical research into practical applications that are cost effective has received significant attention as staff nurses attempt to expand new knowledge into an already complex daily workflow. spreadsheet/table template created in a word processing format can assist with setting up and carrying out the analysis of costs for comparing different approaches to routine activities. By encouraging nurses to take the initiative to examine parts of everyday nursing practice with an eye to cost analysis, significant contributions can be made to maximizing the bottom line.     

民主德国高技术（软件产业）的战略管理

一、软件产业的战略意义民德的经济发展战略是以高技术作为国民经济长期稳定增长的动力,且格外重视微电子技术和以微电子技术为中心的工业自动化。本着这一战略思想,民德正在实施数十项大型综合(包括柔性)自动化系统,设计大量新系统,包括迅速发展的计算机综合自动化及其独特的实验场。柔性自动化在世界上的广泛应用,与之相关的高技术的发展,以及民德联合公司的