关于社会主义企业贏利的若干问题

一伟大的中国人民在建设社会主义的斗争中取得的历史性胜利以及今后应完成的规模宏伟的任务,都坚定不移地要求在中国改善对企业的领导方法、加强计划工作和提高企业的经济水平。     

积极条文主义：WTO规则与日本新兴贸易战略

一、引子 日本贸易战略在过去十年中最显著的趋势之一很不幸地遭到了大多数观察家的无意忽视或有意掩盖。一方面这是由于学术界和媒体都把注意力集中在日本经济混乱的阴影或其政局的频繁变更之上,而更重要的是因为日本政府至今仍特意地对此事保持低调。 对于这一新兴战略,其核心并不是我们常说的双边争端解决机制与多边争端解决机制的     

区域经济增长过程的几个基本问题

<正> 区域结构变化。产业结构和区域其它结构特征伴随着人口密度和生产率的提高而变化。在这里,我们将焦点集中在区域发展的主要趋势——“工业化”上,并以各区域制造业就业人数的相对比重作为粗略估计工业化程度的衡量标准。下表给出了表示美国各个区域工业化程度的区位商。在这里,各区域的工业化程度用该区域的制造业就业人口比重与同一时期全国的制造业就业人口比重之比来加以衡     

美国邮政承办的业务种类及其操作

一、美国的邮政业务分类美国邮政办理四类邮件业务,每类还分为不同小类和特别业务。各类业务根据用户的需要完成其基本职能,并且各类业务的服务要求也不相同。1.第一类邮件第一类邮件包括信函、明信片、邮卡和重量不超过12盎司的其他形状的邮件。在美国,因为大多数用户都使用第一类邮件业务,所以我们认为与其他三类     

X波段矩形波导终端发射器的分析

本文介绍在X波段矩形波导中,激励主模TE_(01)的端射式同轴波导过渡的分析。在这个分析中,导出了从同轴线视入的输入阻抗的实部和虚部表达式,该表达式是在假定偏心发射器环上的电流有自反馈的一般情况下导出的。同时,还求出了同轴线有低输入电压驻波比(VSWR)时的电磁环的尺寸。理论和实验结果的一致性,十分令人满意。     

The economic dimensions of malnutrition in young children

1 billion people - 1/3 of them children under the age of 10 - live on diets that are deficient in essential calories. Focus in this discussion is on the magnitude of the problem. The economic implications of specific intervention programs designed to solve the problem are reviewed. Caloric intake is closely associated with per capita income, and malnutrition characterizes the poorest segments of the population. Since the lowest-income groups have larger families, the incidence of malnutrition among children is certain to be higher than the incidence among adults. 3 factors will determine whether, on the basis of current trends, caloric malnutrition can be expected to be eliminated among the poorest segments of the population of the development countries: 1) the future income growth of the malnourished groups; 2) their propensity to use additional income to increase their caloric consumption; and 3) the future changes in the relative price of the main staples, basically cereals. The problem of malnutrition cannot be resolved quickly enough without explicit measures to raise the level of caloric consumption. Governments can initiate a wide range of programs and policies in an effort to augment the caloric consumption of children in the target population - transfer of cash to target households, target group oriented food programs, and food stamps for certain groups. In order for a food program to have more of an effect on consumption than would an equivalent transfer of income, 2 conditions need to be met: 1) the food must be made available at lower prices and in larger quantities than that previously consumed; and 2) reselling of the food must be precluded. In sum, the only effective solution for dealing with the problem of malnutrition among children of developing countries is either a more equitable distribution of income or supplying the food to the target population at a price far below its normally supply price.