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991.
992.
The motivations which lead to consumer decisions have been given relatively little research attention, since motivations are difficult to quantify. The four part typology developed by Katz,1 when combined with self-perceived attributions, provides a useful method of examining the motivational underpinnings of consumer-purchase decisions. This study involved an experimental design to evaluate self perceptions of the four functional motives—ego defensive, value expressive, knowledge and utilitarian. A sample of 105 undergraduate students attributed their use or purchase for each of 52 items to one of the four functional motives. Using these responses as self-perception attributions, two research questions were examined: (i) would the four part typology be useful in explaining self-perceptions of past behaviour? and (ii) would one function of the typology dominate these reports for each item? An across-subject analysis suggested the four part typology could be meaningfully employed within a self-perception context. However, one functional motive dominated attributions for only six of 52 items. Since motivations and consumer behaviour are clearly linked, this research offers a method of providing additional insight into that linkage. The paper concludes with further research possibilities that integrate the functional motive approach and self-perception attributions. 相似文献
993.
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995.
Spence (1975, footnote 5, p. 420) has shown that, in equilibrium, a price-regulated monopoly will supply a socially suboptimal level of quality. This tendency to undersupply quality has been used to justify an expansion of regulatory controls to the quality dimension in certain regulated industries (e.g., electricity and telecommunications). In this paper, we examine the effects of entry on equilibrium product quality in an industry which is price-regulated. A generalized conjectural variation model is used which allows both monopolistic and oligopolistic market structures. Using this model, we find that regulation generally leads to a socially nonoptimal (either too high or too low) level of quality, where the direction of the resulting departure from optimal quality depends upon the conjectures that firms form. Spence's result is obtained as a special case. We then demonstrate that a policy that encourages (or, at least, does not discourage) entry into the regulated market will cause equilibrium quality to move in a social-welfare-improving direction, regardless of the direction of the original distortion. 相似文献
996.
This article finds that African American and Latino workers have borne a disproportionate share of employment costs associated
with defense cuts in California’s aerospace industry. The data for this analysis come from administrative files, which contain
demographic and employment-related information for everyone who collects unemployment-insurance benefits. The analysis shows
that African Americans suffered higher displacement rates, longer unemployment spells, and poorer outcomes in new jobs than
whites. Latinos were disadvantaged in several ways, but not consistently in all categories. Asian Americans, on the other
hand, generally fared better than whites. These results show that economic dislocation, in the form of defense cuts, reinforces
racial inequality in the labor market. 相似文献
997.
Peter J. Leahy Terry F. Buss James M. Quane 《American journal of economics and sociology》1995,54(1):33-46
A bstract . Long-term welfare participation by women is examined using data from Akron , Ohio. Age at entry to welfare, previous work experience , and number of children are the best predictors of long-term welfare use. Race and education are not statistically significant. Changes in family structure are the major reason why women enter welfare. But labor market reasons predortant for married couples. Labor market reasons are the most important reason why women leave the welfare system. For "high risk" women, welfare is less a safety net than a dependency trap. Public policy should focus on pregnancy among high-risk teens. 相似文献
998.
David M. Ellis 《The Financial Review》1996,31(3):475-498
Recent studies of the conditional Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) are extended by modeling the first and second conditional moments separately, but estimating them jointly, allowing the isolation of time-varying influences in the different moments. Results support evidence that both conditional moments and conditional risk parameters are time varying, and help shed light on previous rejections of the conditional CAPM. The GMM test of the over-identifying restrictions fails to reject the null that the CAPM holds through time when a non-linear specification is used, and only weakly rejects the null with a linear specification. 相似文献
999.
Daniel M. G. Arce 《Journal of Economics》1995,61(2):175-183
This paper employs Greenberg'sTheory of Social Situations to explain the variation of sharecropping contracts across economies as a function of social norms that satisfy von Neumann-Morgenstern stability. We demonstrate that equal division and core outcomes are jointly possible when bargaining is unrestricted. By contrast, when the landlord acts as a monopsonist, core outcomes are the only possible social norm. In addition, if the presence of an outside wage is recognized, core and equal division norms may coincide. 相似文献
1000.