全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1054篇 |
免费 | 53篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 226篇 |
工业经济 | 123篇 |
计划管理 | 174篇 |
经济学 | 252篇 |
综合类 | 10篇 |
运输经济 | 8篇 |
旅游经济 | 6篇 |
贸易经济 | 225篇 |
农业经济 | 23篇 |
经济概况 | 60篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 19篇 |
2019年 | 42篇 |
2018年 | 37篇 |
2017年 | 38篇 |
2016年 | 46篇 |
2015年 | 25篇 |
2014年 | 48篇 |
2013年 | 152篇 |
2012年 | 49篇 |
2011年 | 63篇 |
2010年 | 54篇 |
2009年 | 55篇 |
2008年 | 32篇 |
2007年 | 46篇 |
2006年 | 32篇 |
2005年 | 39篇 |
2004年 | 32篇 |
2003年 | 33篇 |
2002年 | 38篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1107条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
971.
Madeleine de Cock Buning Ewoud Hondius Corien Prins Marc de Vries 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2001,24(3-4):287-338
The Internet and electronic commerce have emerged as the emblems of a worldwide virtual economy. Although it is yet difficult to grasp all the repercussions of the borderless world of the Internet, it is certain that to shop in this world is different from shopping in the world as we knew it ten years ago. Obviously, the new developments affect the traditional framework of European and national consumer law and the perspectives that underpin this body of law, for most consumer law was established at a time when the Information Society was an unknown phenomenon. Underlining the importance of this issue, the European Council asked the Commission to examine existing consumer law in the Community in the light of the new conditions created by the Information Society and to identify potential problems and loopholes. A report on background research for this examination was submitted to the Commission in August 2000. The present article is based on this report and provides an account of the main findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the report. 相似文献
972.
973.
Marc Goovaerts 《Scandinavian actuarial journal》2013,2013(2):139-150
Abstract In a recent paper a general bounded crossing result for the Brownian motion is obtained for a linear upper boundary based on the method of Kac (1951). Based on his main results we are able to develop in the present paper some simple expressions for crossing probabilities in case of a lower and an upper linear boundary. We will consider a Brownian motion process for the surplus of an insurance portfolio. This surplus must stay between two given bounds. If the surplus will cross the upper boundary, we can pay a dividend. The lower boundary can reflect the influence of control authorities and regulation measurements. 相似文献
974.
975.
Voluntary standard setting organizations (SSOs) typically require participants to disclose their patents during the standard-setting process, and will endorse a standard only if patent holders commit to license them on reasonable and non-discriminatory or RAND terms. This policy is unworkable—the RAND standard is ambiguous and thus extremely hard to adjudicate. As an alternative, a policy of Non-Assertion After Specified Time, or NAAST pricing, is proposed. Under NAAST, technology vendors commit not to assert their patent after some previous specified time, but would be free to collect royalties as they wish up until that point. Under this proposal, technology producers would be compensated, vendors would have quick and eventually free access to standards and a large element of uncertainty due to litigation would be eliminated. 相似文献
976.
Marc J. Goovaerts Ph.D. Ann De Schepper Ph.D. David Vyncke Ph.D. Jan Dhaene Ph.D. Rob Kaas Ph.D. 《North American actuarial journal : NAAJ》2013,17(4):32-43
Abstract In this paper, the authors consider the present value of a series of fixed cash flows under stochastic interest rates. To model these interest rates, they don’t use the common lognormal model, but stable laws, which better fit in with reality. Their main intention is to derive a result for the distribution function of such a present value. However, due to the dependencies between successive discounted payments, the calculation of an exact analytical distribution is impossible. Therefore, use is made of the methodology of comonotonic random variables and the convex ordering of risks, introduced by the same authors in some previous papers. The present paper starts with a brief overview of properties and features of stable laws, and of the possible application of the concept of convex ordering to sums of risks, which is also the situation for a present value of future payments. Afterwards, the authors show how, for the present value under investigation, an approximation in the form of a convex upper bound can be derived. This upper bound has an easier structure than the original present value, and they derive elegant calculation formulas for the distribution of this bound. Finally, they provide some numerical examples that illustrate the precision of the approximation. Due to the design of the present value and the construction of the upper bound, these illustrations show great promise concerning the accuracy of the approximation. 相似文献
977.
Realized variance option and options on quadratic variation normalized to unit expectation are analysed for the property of monotonicity in maturity for call options at a fixed strike. When this condition holds the risk-neutral densities are said to be increasing in the convex order. For Lévy processes, such prices decrease with maturity. A time series analysis of squared log returns on the S&P 500 index also reveals such a decrease. If options are priced to a slightly increasing level of acceptability, then the resulting risk-neutral densities can be increasing in the convex order. Calibrated stochastic volatility models yield possibilities in both directions. Finally, we consider modeling strategies guaranteeing an increase in convex order for the normalized quadratic variation. These strategies model instantaneous variance as a normalized exponential of a Lévy process. Simulation studies suggest that other transformations may also deliver an increase in the convex order. 相似文献
978.
We investigate experimentally whether “binding agreements” can provide a solution to the social dilemma that arises in the presence of pure public goods. Signing a binding agreement can prevent players from free riding on the contributions to the public good. However, a well known theoretical result is that the outcome of the endogenous formation of agreements is not necessarily efficient. Our setting is a bargaining game in which agreements form sequentially. The individual level of contribution to the public good increases with the size of the coalition reaching an agreement and the global agreement is always the socially optimal structure. There are two equilibrium outcomes, the global agreement and an asymmetric structure, which consists of two coalitions of different sizes, the small one free riding on the contributions of the larger one. We run an experiment which lends force to the theoretical result that outcomes may be inefficient. However, subjects do not play Nash and the experimental outcome is, on average, even more inefficient than the theory predicts. Our analysis leads to the conclusion that different types of behaviour co-exist. 相似文献
979.
Jean-Philippe Bouchaud Yuval Gefen Marc Potters Matthieu Wyart 《Quantitative Finance》2013,13(2):176-190
Using trades and quotes data from the Paris stock market, we show that the random walk nature of traded prices results from a very delilcated interplay between two opposite tendencies: long-range correlated market orders that lead to super-diffusion (or persistence), and mean revrting limit orders that lead to sub-diffusion (or anti-persistence). We define and study a model where the price, at any instant, is the result of the impact of all past trades, mediated by a non-constant ‘propagator’ in time that describes the response of the market to a single trade. Within this model, the market is shown to be, in a precise sense, at a critical point, where the price is purely diffusive and the average response function almost constant. We find empirically, and discuss theoretically, a fluctuation-response relation. We also discuss the fraction of truly informed market orders, that correctly anticipate short-term moves, and find that it is quite small. 相似文献
980.
We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the article by Cohen, Dey and Lys (CDL). Strengths include persuasive theoretical arguments for impacts of the Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX) on corporate investment strategies and for several mechanisms through which firms influence changes in risky investments. CDL also provides intriguing opportunities for learning about impacts of external regulatory events and for enriching management accounting research and classroom discussions of management control. Weaknesses include (1) narrow scope, perhaps driven by archival data availability; (2) difficulties in implementing the research design and method; (3) possible bias of incentive and investment measures; (4) incomplete estimates of the effect of SOX on compensation, incentives, and investments; and (5) questionable control of endogeneity. We offer recommendations from extant literature to mitigate these weaknesses in future research. 相似文献