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111.
Alejandro Mollà José M. Múgica María J. Yagüe 《International Review of Retail, Distribution & Consumer Research》2013,23(2):225-241
This paper shows the results of an exploratory analysis of the structure of a complex product category: Wine. In complex categories, a usual strategy of consumers is the partitioning of alternatives into homogeneous subsets and the sequential eliminations of subsets until a product/brand is chosen from among few homogeneous alternatives in the last subset. To identify if there is such a kind of strategy and the product attributes involved is of great interest for the retailer. After a discussion of the different modelling alternatives of the choice process, the authors provide an application of the additive trees (ADDTREE) model to explore the hierarchical structure. The ADDTREE results provide a first overview of the competitive market structure of the wine category: competition becomes more intense as the wine category is partitioned by, first, the type of wine criteria and, second, the designation of origin (DO) criteria. 相似文献
112.
113.
Explicit matrix representations of solution concepts in a graph model of a multiple-decision-maker conflict with preference
uncertainty are developed. In a graph model, the relative preferences of each DM over the available states are crucial in
determining which states are stable according to any stability definition (solution concept). Unfortunately, it is often difficult
to obtain accurate preference information in practical cases, so models that allow preference uncertainty can be very useful.
In this work, stability definitions are extended to apply to graph models with this feature. The extension is easiest to implement
using the matrix representation of a conflict model, which was developed to ease the coding of logically-defined stability
definitions. Another benefit of matrix representation is that it facilitates modification and extension of the definitions. 相似文献
114.
Robin Pope Reinhard Selten Johannes Kaiser Sebastian Kube Jürgen von Hagen 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2012,9(1):13-51
Economists’ faith that variable exchange rates benevolently equilibrate has been empirically disconfirmed. That faith is here tackled at its theoretical core with an exchange rate model that although ultra abstract, includes the undeniable fundamentals of market power and differential goals of central bankers and large-scale private players. It permits a game theoretic analysis under the assumption that all agents maximize their payoffs. The paper then relaxes
the assumption of maximising agents, allowing for a more complex and thus realistic second version of the model that is interpretable
within SKAT, the Stages of Knowledge Ahead Theory of risk and uncertainty. In an experimental setting, this second version
of the model points to: a) the inability of agents in central banks, governments and the private real and financial sectors
to operate in maximising ways; b) destructive central bank conflict; and c) the widely discrepant outcomes arising from the
dynamics of individual personality differences. The paper’s theoretical and empirical findings thus both point to the merits
of a single world currency. 相似文献
115.
Santiago R. Martínez-Argüelles 《The Service Industries Journal》2013,33(3):267-285
The use of advanced business services has become an essential element for competitiveness in modern economies in which traditional competitive advantages based on prices, lower labour costs or the abundance of natural resources are being replaced by new advantages based on higher quality, greater knowledge or the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Within this context certain services (computing, communications, human resources, engineering, consulting or management) are generally outsourced so as to exploit the advantages derived from specialisation and division of labour, as well as those of economies of scope and scale. However, some businesses, sectors or regions appear to have very different patterns of outsourcing advanced producer services. This paper presents an explanation of elements of business outsourcing decisions applied to the Spanish economy, applying discrete response models to the information obtained in a survey elaborated by the authors. The data thus obtained have enabled us to identify differences between the Spanish regions in the tendencies of businesses to use internal or external advanced services. 相似文献
116.
In this paper we extend the standard approach of horizontal tax competition by endogenizing the timing of decisions made by the competing jurisdictions. Following the literature on the endogenous timing in duopoly games, we consider a pre-play stage, where jurisdictions commit themselves to move early or late, i.e. to fix their tax rate at a first or second stage. We highlight that at least one jurisdiction experiments a second-mover advantage. We show that the Subgame Perfect Equilibria (SPEs) correspond to the two Stackelberg situations yielding to a coordination problem. In order to solve this issue, we consider a quadratic specification of the production function, and we use two criteria of selection: Pareto-dominance and risk-dominance. We emphasize that at the risk-dominant equilibrium the less productive or smaller jurisdiction leads and hence loses the second-mover advantage. If asymmetry among jurisdictions is sufficient, Pareto-dominance reinforces risk-dominance in selecting the same SPE. Three results may be deduced from our analysis: (i) the downward pressure on tax rates is less severe than predicted; (ii) the smaller jurisdiction leads; (iii) the ‘big-country-higher-tax-rate’ rule does not always hold. 相似文献
117.
The paper analyzes how countries use competition policy as a tool for strategic trade. In the model, two countries export to a third country. Each exporting country is endowed with a set of differentiated products. Each government chooses the number of exporters for its country and the products that each exporter sells in the first period, and a tax policy in the second period. Firms choose prices or quantities independently in the third period. In the unique subgame‐perfect equilibrium, both countries group all their products within a single firm—the “national champion policy.” We study the implication of different assumptions about the timing of the game. 相似文献
118.
Marc Allen 《中国对外贸易(英文版)》2009,(1)
Background
ASEAN and China signed the ASEAN-China Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation which entered into force on 1 July 2003. 相似文献
119.
Thushyanthan Baskaran Florian Blöchl Tilman Brück Fabian J. Theis 《International Review of Economics & Finance》2011,20(2):135-145
This paper estimates for 28 product groups a characteristic parameter that reflects the topological structure of its trading network. Using these estimates, it describes how the structure of international trade has evolved during the 1980–2000 period. Thereafter, it demonstrates the importance of networks in international trade by explicitly accounting for their scaling properties when testing the prediction of the “Heckscher–Ohlin” model that factor endowment differentials determine bilateral trade flows. The results suggest that factor endowment differentials increase bilateral trade in goods that are traded in “dispersed” networks. For goods traded in “concentrated” networks, factor endowment differentials are less important. 相似文献
120.
Companies have learned that radical innovations (RIs) are a prerequisite to grow organically. However, companies struggle to identify and introduce RIs, as their inherent high uncertainties and novelty challenge established organisations and management routines. To address the first challenge, companies need to take a holistic approach and design a trans‐boundary environment of creativity, trans‐disciplinary and entrepreneurial spirit. This environment attracts and retains visionary people, fosters generation of new opportunities and cultivates adaptability. By adapting evaluation metrics for RI, setting up flexible processes, and promoting trans‐disciplinary exchange, the second challenge can be addressed. Increased research has concentrated on several aspects of RI lately, but so far a combining framework is missing. Our paper bridges this gap by developing an improved theoretical framework, enhancing the existing literature and introducing art as a method to advance trans‐disciplinary interchange. In a case‐study approach, we have applied our framework to the research and development department of Vodafone Research and Development, Germany, as they integrate art methodically in their research and development process. Analysing their RI capabilities, we identify the trans‐disciplinary exchange with artists as a novel initiator and driver of RI, which has not yet been adequately considered. 相似文献