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991.
In this article we propose to implement a covariance structure analysis to deal with the estimation of a stochastic frontier production function on panel data and the measurement of a time-varying technical efficiency. First, this method solves the potential problem of correlations between input quantities and individual effects. Second, individual effects and efficiency measures can be recovered as a byproduct of the analysis through the so-called factor scores. We implement this approach by fitting to a balanced panel of French grain producers, a parsimonious version of the Cornwell, Schmidt, and Sickles [1990]'s model where technical efficiencies are individual-specific linear functions of time. A specification search shows that this model is preferred to the traditional production function. Results shed light on the temporal pattern of efficiency in the French grain production sector.The authors thank Jacques Mairesse, Quang Vuong, two referees, the editor, and session participants at the Econometric Society European Meeting, Cambridge, September 1991, at the Second European Workshop on Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, Louvain-la-Neuve, October 1991, at the Conference on Current Issues in Productivity, Newark, December 1991, and at the ENSAE-EHESS seminar, Paris, March 1992, for helpful comments and suggestions. 相似文献
992.
Piet Ankiewicz Estelle De Swardt Marc De Vries 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2006,16(2):117-141
Technology is frequently considered in terms of its impact on entities outside its essential nature: as the impact of technology
on the environment and society, but also the impact of human values and needs on technology. By taking particular social implications
of technology into account, the Science–Technology relationship can be extended to the field of Science, Technology and Society
(STS) studies. STS studies are grounded in socio-technological understanding, that is, systematic knowledge of the mutual
relationship between technical objects, the natural environment and social practice. Because technology is a key element of
STS, it is expected that the philosophy of technology will have implications for STS studies. The dynamic nature of technology
as such leaves its own philosophy in a tentative or flexible state. However, the implications of the philosophy of technology,
being in a development phase at the moment with changes in emphasis occuring, for STS studies ought to be determined continuously.
The aim of the article is to identify and discuss possible implications of the the philosophy of technology for STS. In order
to deduce these implications, the relevant theoretical framework underpinning the article will be discussed in broad outlines.
Seeing that the philosophy of technology is such a wide field a delineation of the field needs to be done. Mitcham’s proposed
preliminary framework is taken as point of departure for the article. Technology as knowledge (epistemology/theory of knowledge)
and technology as activity (design methodology) will be discussed as two key aspects of the modern philosophy of technology
which could provide implications for STS. A theory of knowledge usually includes methodology, but seeing that Mitcham classified
methodology as one of the modes in which technology is manifested, it is dealt with separately. The epistemology and methodology
of technology will each be discussed from a philosophical, historical and practice-based methodological perspective. Some
implications of the philosophy for STS are identified and discussed. 相似文献
993.
Marc Deloof 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2003,30(3-4):573-588
The relation between working capital management and corporate profitablity is investigated for a sample of 1,009 large Belgian non-financial firms for the 1992-1996 period. Trade credit policy and inventory policy are measured by number of days accounts receivable, accounts payable and inventories, and the cash conversion cycle is used as a comprehensice measure of working capital management. The results suggest that managers can increase corporate profitablity by reducing the number of days accounts receivable and inventories. Less profitable firms wait longer to pay their bills. 相似文献
994.
Sanjay Ramchander Marc W. Simpson James R. Webb 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2003,27(3):355-377
The study analyzes the influence of macroeconomic news announcements on (a) interest rates for commercial mortgages, residential mortgages, 10-year Treasury notes, and Baa-rated corporate bonds; and (b) corresponding mortgage spreads. It is both interesting and highly relevant from a policy and portfolio management standpoint to examine the implications of the influence of macroeconomic news announcements on mortgage markets. Some important results are reported. First, consistent with the notion of market integration, mortgage rates are found to be co-integrated with other capital market instruments. Second, of the 22 types of periodic macroeconomic news releases considered, 13 of them have a significant influence on at least one of the interest rates, and notably changes in hourly earnings and housing starts significantly influence all debt-security yields. More generally, macroeconomic news that conveys higher inflation and/or economic growth has a positive influence on mortgage and other interest rates. Finally, this study finds several announcements including durable goods orders, new home sales, personal consumption, non-farm payroll, trade balance and Treasury budget to have a significant influence on mortgage spreads. 相似文献
995.
996.
Marc L. Bertoneche 《Journal of Banking & Finance》1979,3(4):397-405
The purpose of this article is to investigate the interrelationships between seven stock markets (Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, the United Kingdom and U.S.A.) over the period 1969–1976. The impact of flexible exchange rates on the various correlation coefficients is shown to be rather low. The results show a trend towards higher segmentation between the various stock exchanges, which means larger opportunities for international diversification. Finally the relationships between stock index variations and exchange rate fluctuations are analyzed. 相似文献
997.
Marc J. de Vries 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2013,23(4):1165-1169
998.
This paper presents a method designed to segment a customer file for direct marketing using behavioral data. The results of this method are tested against the traditional Recency-Frequency-Monetary Amount segmentation model, as well as other parameters of consumer behavior. Strategic applications and future research orientations are suggested. 相似文献
999.
Marc P. B. Klemp 《Cliometrica》2012,6(1):63-77
To shed light on the economic-demographic mechanisms operating in the epoch of pre-industrial economic stagnation, a two-sector
Malthusian model is formulated in terms of a cointegrated vector autoregressive model on error correction form. The model
allows for both agricultural product wages and relative prices to affect fertility. The model is estimated using new data
for the pre-industrial period in England, and the analysis reveals a strong, positive effect of agricultural wages as well
as a nonnegative effect of real agricultural prices on fertility. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that there is strongly decreasing
returns to scale with respect to labour in the agricultural sector and approximately constant returns to scale in the manufacturing
sector. The analysis provides evidence in favour of the usual Malthusian model, as invoked by unified growth theories such
as e.g. Galor and Weil (Am Econ Rev 90:806–828, 2000). 相似文献
1000.
Attributional complexity refers to the capability of discriminating and integrating dimensions related to social judgment in order to understand social behaviour. While previous leadership research has examined the role of leader attributions, it has neglected the role of attributional complexity. We theorize and find support for a relationship between higher attributional complexity and transformational leadership behaviours, based on a sample of 100 leaders and their direct reports. Leaders who were more complex in their social judgments, attributing complex external and internal causes to others' behaviours and actions, were seen as more transformational by their direct reports. Our findings suggest that attributional complexity is a construct that warrants consideration in future research on both transformational leadership and leadership attributions. 相似文献