全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13496篇 |
免费 | 596篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 2017篇 |
工业经济 | 620篇 |
计划管理 | 2493篇 |
经济学 | 3612篇 |
综合类 | 120篇 |
运输经济 | 151篇 |
旅游经济 | 165篇 |
贸易经济 | 2996篇 |
农业经济 | 420篇 |
经济概况 | 1430篇 |
信息产业经济 | 4篇 |
邮电经济 | 64篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 159篇 |
2022年 | 104篇 |
2021年 | 249篇 |
2020年 | 299篇 |
2019年 | 360篇 |
2018年 | 763篇 |
2017年 | 853篇 |
2016年 | 757篇 |
2015年 | 359篇 |
2014年 | 480篇 |
2013年 | 1669篇 |
2012年 | 781篇 |
2011年 | 661篇 |
2010年 | 493篇 |
2009年 | 485篇 |
2008年 | 417篇 |
2007年 | 369篇 |
2006年 | 337篇 |
2005年 | 1098篇 |
2004年 | 614篇 |
2003年 | 334篇 |
2002年 | 179篇 |
2001年 | 135篇 |
2000年 | 138篇 |
1999年 | 91篇 |
1998年 | 120篇 |
1997年 | 72篇 |
1996年 | 93篇 |
1995年 | 68篇 |
1994年 | 75篇 |
1993年 | 72篇 |
1992年 | 73篇 |
1991年 | 72篇 |
1990年 | 68篇 |
1989年 | 48篇 |
1988年 | 39篇 |
1987年 | 48篇 |
1986年 | 44篇 |
1985年 | 84篇 |
1984年 | 78篇 |
1983年 | 48篇 |
1982年 | 63篇 |
1981年 | 56篇 |
1980年 | 55篇 |
1979年 | 50篇 |
1978年 | 56篇 |
1977年 | 52篇 |
1976年 | 49篇 |
1975年 | 34篇 |
1974年 | 34篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
71.
Steven V. Mann 《The Journal of Financial Research》2002,25(4):593-594
72.
We present a theory of capital structure based on the power of shareholders, bondholders and managers to control the incentive conflicts in large corporations. The manager–owner conflict produces a trade-off between inefficiency in the low state and rents in the high state, and the shareholder–bondholder conflict produces under-investment as in Myers [Journal of Financial Economics 19 (1997) 147]. Since managers and bondholders both prefer more efficient actions in the low state, the two conflicts are interdependent. With risk-less levels of debt, there are no shareholder–bondholder agency costs, but managerial control over the incentive-setting process produces excessive rents. With risky debt, shareholders focus more on returns in the high state so that shareholder–bondholder agency costs increase but managerial rents decrease. Efficient levels of debt holder protection facilitate a reduction in manager–owner agency costs that outweighs shareholder–bondholder agency costs, and are decreasing in firm performance. The results are consistent with the separate empirical results relating control to both compensation and leverage, and suggest how future studies can be integrated. 相似文献
73.
The purpose of this paper is to study how organizational rejuvenation is used to increase and support knowledge exploitation
in multinational enterprises. Using case-study data to explore the theoretical arguments, interesting findings emerge. The
main finding is that entrepreneurial activities in IT industry enable organizational rejuvenation with repercussions beyond
the focal function. Other findings relate to how corporate entrepreneurship activities provide possibilities for continuous
knowledge exploitation within the MNE and how entrepreneurial groups inside MNEs form the foundation from which the organizational
rejuvenation originates. Finally, the form of organizational rejuvenation studied embraced both structural and behavioral
changes.
The authors acknowledge an equal share in the development of this article. 相似文献
74.
Eshien Chong Freddy Huet Stéphane Saussier Faye Steiner 《Review of Industrial Organization》2006,29(1-2):149-169
We use an original database of 5000 French local public authorities to explore the impact of organizational choice and performance as measured by consumer prices. In quantifying the impact of the choice of public-private partnerships (PPPs) on performance, we consider the related issue of the determinants of organizational choice. We estimate a switching regressions model to account for the endogeneity of organizational choice, and find that in our sample, (i) the choice by local public authorities to engage in a PPP is not random, and (ii) conditional on the choice of a PPP, consumer prices are significantly higher on average. 相似文献
75.
We consider carefully the evidence from traded prices (as proxied by unit values) concerning the transmission of the effects of globalisation to domestic labour markets. Using standard index number techniques we decompose changes in sectoral import and export unit values into movements due to changes in pure prices of the initial bundle of goods imported or exported and changes due to upgrading of that bundle. Looking at the imports of selected European countries of textiles, clothing and footwear relative to engineering products we find evidence of strongly falling pure prices of the unskilled intensive products relative to the skilled products in the 1980s. This reinforces the view that import prices can capture the impact of globalisation in terms of falling relative prices for products produced with the intensive use of unskilled labour. However, the trends are not common across all the unskilled sectors; footwear is clearly an exception. In the absence of detailed domestic data, we look for reactions by domestic firms to increased import competition in movements in the price and composition of exports. We find evidence of stiff price competition from imports being associated with similar movements in export prices and no support for the view that import competition from low–wage countries has led to upgrading of the quality of exports. 相似文献
76.
Telecommunication services have existed as a legal monopoly nearly throughout its entire history. In 1998, telecom market liberalisation was achieved across the European Union (EU) through the introduction of competition among telephone services. Asymmetrical obligations were deemed necessary in order to compensate the market power of the former monopolist.As the evolution of asymmetrical regulation in Spain illustrates, obligations and the telecommunications operators subject to them increased with the regulatory framework established in 2002 in the EU. This new regulatory framework may continue to expand through the inclusion of functional separation as another possible asymmetrical obligation. In short, it seems that the regulatory pressure on the telecommunications industry is increasing, despite the lapse in time since the liberalisation of the industry.In this paper, a methodology developed by the Austrian School of Economics is applied in order to explain why the telecommunication market is subject to increasing regulation in Europe, rather than deregulation, after more than 10 years of liberalisation. In particular, Mises's theory of price control is used to explain the evolution of the regulation of local loop unbundling. 相似文献
77.
Antoine Bouët Yvan Decreux Lionel Fontagné Sébastien Jean David Laborde 《Review of International Economics》2008,16(5):850-863
This paper presents MAcMap–HS‐6, a database providing a consistent, ad valorem equivalent measure of tariff duties and tariff rate quotas for 163 countries and 208 partners, at the six‐digit level of the Harmonized System (5111 products), accounting for all preferential agreements. We describe the methodology used to compute and aggregate an ad valorem equivalent of applied protection. Emphasis is placed on minimizing the endogeneity bias in the aggregation procedure, while acknowledging structural differences in export specialization. The resulting quantitative assessment is illustrated by giving an overview of applied protection across the world in 2001, in terms of average as well as distribution. 相似文献
78.
79.
The paper presents a technique developed by the authors, which makes it possible to determine the necessary amount of financing for education at all the budget system levels for 2008-2010, based on the Russian average value of financing, taking into account the budget expenditures index for two variants of student population, i.e. the actual number of on-budget students and the number of students required to meet the economy’s need for trained workers. The technique was developed and the calculations were made on the basis of Russian long-term forecasts and the Russian three-year federal budget for 2008–2010. 相似文献
80.
V. R. Markaryan 《Studies on Russian Economic Development》2008,19(5):492-500
The economic situation, foreign economic relations, and export/import structure of Southern Russian regions are considered; the author’s opinion on the development of free economic prices in Southern Russiaís resort area is given; this conclusion is justified on the grounds that any trends emerging in the foreign relations of Southern Russian regions must be adjusted to match the targets set for the country as a whole. 相似文献