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51.
In their seminal paper, Morris and Shin (Amer Econ Rev 92(5): 1521–1534, 2002a) argued that increasing the precision of public information is not always beneficial to social welfare. Svensson (Amer Econ
Rev 96: 448–451, 2006) however has disputed this by saying that although feasible, the conditions for which this was true, were not all that likely.
In that respect, therefore, increasing ‘transparency’ remains most of the times beneficial to social welfare. In this paper,
we extend the Morris and Shin attempt by setting it up as an explicit interactive game between the Central Bank, the objectives
of which we model explicitly, and the private sector. We show that in the absence of costs, both players benefit from transparency
in the manner described previously in the literature, and point the differences in their gains. Following that, we then introduce
the fact that increasing transparency comes at some costs and show how both players face incentives to free ride on each other
as a result. The presence of costs thus alters the way in which greater transparency is attained.
相似文献
Marco HoeberichtsEmail: |
52.
53.
Gutierrez-Martinez MI Del Villin RE Fandiño A Oliver RL 《International journal of injury control and safety promotion》2007,14(2):77-84
Since 2002, the Institute for Peace Promotion and Injury/Violence Prevention (CISALVA) at the Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Colombia Program at Georgetown University have developed and implemented 21 epidemiologically based municipal crime observatories in intermediate-sized municipalities in Colombia. These crime observatories serve as monitoring centres that provide low cost, geo-referenced methods of data collection and analysis, which allow cities to develop more responsive policies and prevention programmes and enhance governance. This article focuses on the methodology employed and lessons learned that may be applicable to similar settings. Worth noting within the results was a significant decrease in homicides after the first year of the programme. Whether or not such results could be attributed to the method or to the nature of the interventions and policy initiatives stemming from it remains open to conjecture. 相似文献
54.
Marcia Dutra de Barcellos Athanasios Krystallis Maria Stela de Melo Saab Jens Oliver Kügler Klaus G. Grunert 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2011,35(4):391-402
Consumers worldwide are increasingly concerned with sustainable production and consumption. Recently, a comprehensive study ranked 17 countries in regard to their environmentally friendly behaviour among consumers. Brazil was one of the top countries in the list. Yet, several studies highlight significant differences between consumers' intentions to consume ethically, and their actual purchase behaviour: the so‐called ‘Attitude‐Behaviour Gap’. In developing countries, few studies have been conducted on this issue. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate the gap between citizens' sustainability‐related attitudes and food purchasing behaviour using empirical data from Brazil. To this end, Brazilian citizens' attitudes towards pig production systems were mapped through conjoint analysis and their coexistence with relevant pork product‐related purchasing behaviour of consumers was investigated through cluster analysis. The conjoint experiment was carried out with empirical data collected from 475 respondents surveyed in the South and Center‐West regions of Brazil. The results of the conjoint analysis were used for a subsequent cluster analysis in order to identify clusters of Brazilian citizens with diversified attitudes towards pig production systems, using socio‐demographics, attitudes towards sustainability‐related themes that are expected to influence the way they evaluate pig production systems, and consumption frequency of various pork products as clusters' background information. Three clusters were identified as ‘indifferent’, ‘environmental conscious’ and ‘sustainability‐oriented’ citizens. Although attitudes towards environment and nature had indeed an influence on citizens' specific attitudes towards pig farming at the cluster level, the relationship between ‘citizenship’ and consumption behaviour was found to be weak. This finding is similar to previous research conducted with European consumers: what people (in their role of citizens) think about pig production systems does not appear to significantly influence their pork consumption choices. Improvements in the integrated management of this chain would better meet consumers' sustainability‐related expectations towards pig production systems. 相似文献
55.
56.
Carmen Broto 《Economic Modelling》2011,28(3):1424-1434
This paper studies inflation dynamics in eight Latin American countries, some of which have adopted formal inflation targets (IT) as their monetary policy frameworks. We analyze the possible benefits associated with IT, not only in terms of inflation level and volatility, but also regarding other nonlinear characteristics of these series, such as volatility persistence or the fulfillment of the Friedman hypothesis. To describe inflation dynamics we use an unobserved components model, where each component can follow a GARCH type process. Once we estimate the model, the main findings of the empirical exercise confirm the favorable performance of IT. 相似文献
57.
Isabel Maria Bodas Freitas Tommy H. Clausen Roberto Fontana Bart Verspagen 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2011,21(1):91-119
Firms increasingly rely upon external actors for their innovation process. Interaction with these actors may occur formally
(i.e. through a collaboration agreement) or informally (i.e. external actors acts as sources of information). We analyze the
reasons why firms consider it to be important to develop formal and informal external linkages in the innovation process by
looking at the role played by firms’ innovative strategies and by taking into account the possibility that a complementarity
or substitutive relationship might exist between formal and informal linkages. Data are from the Third Community Innovation
Survey (CIS 3), where we have access to firm level micro-data from Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands and the UK. 相似文献
58.
An increasing number of environmental protection programs offers financial compensation to farmers in exchange for conservation
services. Incentive-compatible contracts can be designed to mitigate excess compensation, but the extant literature suggests
that outcomes are always second-best so that other instruments (such as conservation auctions) may be preferred. We argue
that the claim regarding the first-best solution never being incentive-compatible is correct if all conservation costs are
variable in nature; if there are fixed costs too, the first-best compensation scheme may be incentive-compatible after all.
Given the relevance of fixed costs in conservation issues, we conclude that incentive-compatible contracts should be given
a second chance as a policy measure to induce conservation. 相似文献
59.
Abatement and Allocation in the Pilot Phase of the EU ETS 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We use historical industrial emissions data to assess the level of abatement and over-allocation that took place across European
countries during the pilot phase (2005–2007) of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme. Using a dynamic panel data model,
we estimate the counter factual (business-as-usual) emissions scenario for EU member states. Comparing this baseline to allocated
and verified emissions, we find that both over-allocation and abatement occurred, along with under-allocation and emissions
inflation. Over the three trading years of the pilot phase we find over-allocation of approximately 280 million EUAs and total
abatement of 247 Mt CO2. However, we calculate that emissions inflation of approximately 73 Mt CO2 also occurred, possibly due to uncertainty about future policy design features. 相似文献
60.
Giovanni Facchini Anna Maria Mayda Prachi Mishra 《Journal of International Economics》2011,85(1):114-128
While anecdotal evidence suggests that interest groups play a key role in shaping immigration policy, there is no systematic empirical analysis of this issue. In this paper, we construct an industry-level dataset for the United States, by combining information on the number of temporary work visas with data on lobbying activity associated with immigration. We find robust evidence that both pro- and anti-immigration interest groups play a statistically significant and economically relevant role in shaping migration policy across sectors. Barriers to migration are lower in sectors in which business interest groups incur larger lobbying expenditures and higher in sectors where labor unions are more important. 相似文献