Efficiency and deficiency: Central planning,trade and dumping

Summary In this article an effort has been made to demonstrate that trade effectiveness indicators, as used in the decision-making process in centrally planned economies, tend to induce Eastern European dumping on Western markets.     

Global Value Chains and Local Business Environments: Which Factors Really Matter in Developing Countries?

Review of Industrial Organization - This study assesses the effect of an economy’s business environment on the ability of firms to be part of a global value chain (GVC). With the use of a...     

Subjekt,Objekt, Didaktik

Heilberufe - In diesem Artikel wird die Orientierung der Pflege am Subjekt im Kontext der Ausbildung betrachtet. Es werden Beispiele für didaktische Prinzipien, sowie Methoden, die einem...     

Temporary Migration and Bilateral Trade Flows

Empirical evidence on migration and trade has established that permanent migration promotes trade. This finding has been interpreted as proof for the role of migrants in reducing trade‐related transaction costs such as contract enforcement costs or information costs. This paper contributes to improving our understanding of trade‐related transaction costs by analysing empirically whether temporary migrants, like permanent migrants, have an impact on bilateral trade flows. Temporary migrants can be expected to be less integrated in the host country than permanent migrants. At the same time, their knowledge of the home country can, on average, be expected to be more up‐to‐date. Our findings therefore give insights as to the relative importance of knowledge on the host and the home country for trade‐related transaction costs. Using a gravity approach in our empirical analysis, we find that temporary migration has a positive and significant effect on trade and that temporary migration tends to have a stronger and more significant effect on both imports and exports than permanent migration. Interestingly, the role of temporary migrants in reducing trade costs does not appear to be associated with their skills.     

Firm racial segregation and affirmative action in the highway construction industry

In this paper I document that highway construction firms in California, particularly those owned by blacks and Asians, exhibit considerable racial segregation in that they are disproportionately located in zip codes with the greatest concentration of own-race residents. I find that segregated firms serve a larger market than minority-owned firms that are not segregated and that this effect is concentrated in black-owned firms. I next exploit the segregation of firms to examine the effect of affirmative action on the success of minority-owned firms. Following the significant curtailment of affirmative action in California due to a direct statewide ballot initiative, the number of highway construction establishments located in zip codes with the highest concentrations of black and Asian residents fell relative to the rest of the state, even conditional on the number of non-construction establishments. This suggests that affirmative action policies may play a role in the net survival rates of minority-owned firms.     

Ethics and the Sports Business

Action needs to be taken on the ethical issues raised by the commercialising of sport if its integrity is to be maintained and its ethical base is not to be eroded further. The author has worked as an independent consultant in the leisure sector for a number of years and has recently joined the Research Unit of Britain's Sports Council. The views expressed by her in this article are not necessarily those held by the Sports Council.     

OPTIMAL PROPERTY TAXATION IN CALIFORNIA: Is Greater Reliance on Land Values Feasible and Desirable?

Legal changes to Proposition 13 and fiscal imbalance provide, for the first time since 1978, the environment for serious consideration of restructuring property taxation in California. The background of the current situation is reviewed, and as a first approach to determining the optimal property tax system, Henry George's a priori case for taxing land is noted. Studies in the new public finance, especially optimal taxation theory and applications - for example, general equilibrium modeling in policy analysis - provide encouraging though limited support for greater reliance on site value taxation.     

The effects of risk and return on the currency composition of money demand

Zusammenfassung Die Wirkungen von Risiko und Ertrag auf die W?hrungszusammensetzung der Geldnachfrage. — In diesem Aufsatz wird ein theoretisches Modell einer variablen W?hrungszusammensetzung der Geldnachfrage entwickelt, das auf dem Maximierungsverhalten und einer Geld-Produktionsfunktion basiert und Wechselkursunsicherheit einschlie\t. Ein empirischer Test des Modells zeigt, da\ es eine solche Portfolio-Diversifikation auf den internationalen Geldm?rkten gibt. In den Vereinigten Staaten beeinflu\t die Unsicherheit über den Wechselkurs die Zusammensetzung der Geldbest?nde statistisch in der erwarteten Richtung. Obwohl die Ergebnisse für Deutschland statistisch kaum signifikant sind, haben die Reaktionen doch das richtige Vorzeichen. Diese Ergebnisse legen es nahe, die Diversifikationswirkungen in die Theorie von den Anpassungsprozessen der internationalen Geldm?rkte einzubauen.

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Résumé Les effets de risque et de rendement sur la composition de monnaie de la demande monétaire. — Dans cet article nous avons développé un modèle théorique de la composition variable de monnaie de la demande monétaire qui se fonde sur le comportement de maximiser et sur une fonction de la production monétaire et qui incorpore l’incertitude sur le taux de change. Un test empirique du modèle démontre une évidence concrète d’une telle diversification du portefeuille de monnaie sur les marchés internationaux monétaires. L’incertitude sur le taux de change influence statistiquement fort les dispositions monétaires de la direction anticipée dans les états-Unis. Bien que les résultats pour l’Allemagne ne soient statistiquement significatifs que marginalement, la direction de la réponse a aussi le propre signe. Les résultats impliquent que ces effets de diversification devraient être incorporés dans la théorie d’ajustement des marchés internationaux monétaires.

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Resumen Los efectos del riesgo y del retorno sobre la composición monetaria de la demanda por dinero. — En este artículo hemos desarrollado un modelo teorético de una composición monetaria variable de la demanda por dinero, basada en el comportamiento maximizador y en una función de producción del dinero e introduciendo incertidumbre de tasa cambiaria. Un test empírico del modelo provee evidencia concreta de tal diversificación del portafolio de dinero en los mercados monetarios internacionales. Incertidumbre de tasa de cambio afecta la tenencia relativa de dinero con un efecto estadístico fuerte de la dirección anticipada en los EE.UU. A pesar de que los resultados para Alemania son estadísticamente solo marginalmente significantes, la dirección de la respuesta tiene nuevamente el signo correcto. Estos resultados implican, por lo tanto, que estos efectos de diversificación deberían ser incorporados en la teoría del ajuste de mercados monetarios internacionales.