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Sebastian Martin 《能源经济杂志》2016,40(2):89-96
In the case of public utilities, the development of stakeholder communication through Facebook is not focused in the existing body of literature. Yet, it is especially these developments that are essential for scholars and practitioners as they highlight the way stakeholder communication in the energy sector will change. The aim of this paper is to contribute to this lack of research by investigating developments in the ways German and Austrian public utilities use Facebook to communicate. Responding to the research objectives, two empirical studies were conducted. In 2014 as well as 2015 an online survey was sent to 850 German and 30 Austrian utilities. The results highlight the rising importance of Facebook in the energy sector. The share of public utilities using Facebook is constantly increasing. Additionally, during the twelve months investigated, the interactivity and frequency of Facebook-based communication rose. Utilities are progressively willing to invest more personnel and monetary resources to administer their accounts. As the numbers of fans increase, users seem to value the information provided by utilities on Facebook. 相似文献
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Kenneth French Martin Baily John Campbell John Cochrane Douglas Diamond Darrell Duffie Anil Kashyap Frederic Mishkin Raghuram Rajan David Scharfstein Robert Shiller Hyun Song Shin Matthew Slaughter Jeremy Stein René Stulz 《实用企业财务杂志》2010,22(3):8-21
In these excerpts from The Squam Lake Report, fifteen distinguished economists analyze where the global financial system failed, and how such failures might be prevented (or at least their damage better contained) in the future. Although there were many contributing factors to the crisis—including “agency” problems throughout the financial system and a bankruptcy code poorly suited for reorganizing financial firms—at the core of the problem is a potential conflict between the risk-taking proclivity of financial institutions and the interests of the economy at large that must be managed at least in part through more effective regulation. The Squam Lake Report provides a nonpartisan plan to transform the regulation of financial markets in ways designed to limit systemic risk while preserving—to the extent possible and prudent—the economies of scale and scope that justify the existence of today's large financial institutions. To reduce the risks that large banks will fail, the authors call for higher capital requirements based on more effective assessments of the risks of bank assets and liabilities, as well as a new systemic regulator that should be part of the central bank. To reduce the costs of failure when it occurs, the authors propose that banks be required to create “living wills” laying out their plan to sell assets or shut down operations in the event of financial trouble. As part of that plan, regulators are urged to “aggressively encourage” banks to issue “contingent” debt capital securities that convert into equity. 相似文献
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One-company towns, characterized by the presence of a largeemployer in a local labor market, are a frequent legacy of state-leddevelopment strategies. How will downsizing or closing unprofitablestate-owned enterprises affect these towns?This article developsa simple model combining monopsony power in the labor marketwith a Keynesian closure of the product market and uses it tointerpret the findings of previous studies. The article evaluatesthe impact of the company's employment level on the town's laborearnings in Kazakhstan, where one-company towns are still prevalent.The evaluation is based on data from the 1996 Living StandardsMeasurement Survey. The results show that labor earnings inthe town decrease roughly 1.5 percent when the share of itspopulation working for the company decreases 1 percent. Theresults are robust to changes in the definition of labor earningsand to the inclusion of a variety of other community characteristicsin the analysis. These results and the theoretical model arecombined to evaluate the welfare impact of company downsizingand, consequently, to derive the optimal extent of labor retrenchment. 相似文献
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This paper examines the efficiency gains yielded from estimating multiple equation cointegrated systems as compared to their single equation counterparts. In particular, this paper is concerned with the ability of utilizing the cointegrating information to improve forecasting performance. Recently an inability to improve forecasts of real income once money demand error correction terms were introduced has been used to argue that the M2 relationship had broken down during the early 1990s. However, the results suggest that once the underlying responses of variables are more closely investigated, the behaviour of M2 has remained stable. 相似文献
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Vendors frequently compete to have their technology adopted as part of a voluntary consensus standard. In this paper we report the results of an empirical study of the factors that influence the choice of technologies in voluntary technical standards committees. Participation in standards committees is viewed as an aspect of the product development process of corporations involved in markets where network externalities are present. The factors hypothesized to affect the technology decision are: the market power of the coalition sponsoring the technology, the installed base of the products containing the technology, the size of the firms that make up the coalition, the promotional activities of the sponsors (such as technical contributions submitted), the perceived superiority of the technology, and the political skills of the coalition. These hypotheses were tested by collecting data concerning specific technical decisions that were made in several standards committees in the area of computer communications hardware. Two sided t-tests were used to test the hypotheses, and logit regression was used to infer the importance of each factor in predicting adoption or non-adoption of the technology. A factor analysis was also performed to gain further insight into the data. The results suggest that the size of the firms in the coalition supporting a technology and the extent to which they support their position through written contributions are significant determinants of technological choice in the standards decisions studied. The market share of the firms in the coalition was found to be significant only for the buyers of compatible products, i.e., the monopsony power was significant, not the monopoly power. In addition, the technologies whose sponsors weighted market factors more highly than technical factors were more likely to be adopted in the standards decision studied. The proponents of both the adopted and non-adopted technologies were found to have equal belief in the overall technical superiority of their technical alternative, even after the decision. The installed base of a technology and process skills were not found to be significant predictors of the committee outcome. 相似文献
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