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排序方式: 共有1193条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
911.
Matthew McQueen 《The World Economy》2002,25(9):1369-1385
Since the middle of the1990s the EU has vigorously pursued a policy of replacing non– reciprocal preferences for the developing countries in the Mediterranean, Latin America and with South Africa, with bilateral free–trade agreements. This article examines the content of these agreements and the empirical evidence on their likely effects and concludes that they are ‘broad’ but ‘shallow’ agreements. The static effect are likely to be very small or negative while the potential dynamic gains are problematic, especially regarding the concept of a ‘lock in’ to trade liberalisation, unless there are greater commitments to trade related issues by both sides and especially by the EU. 相似文献
912.
The paper surveys the price competitiveness of agricultural production in Central and East European Countries (CEECs). It draws together empirical work conducted by tje authors and other studies that have estimated domestic resource cost (DRC) ratios for agriculture in various CEECs. The paper identifies that in general CEEC crop production is more internationally competitive than livestock farming. During the mid‐1990s, wheat production in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia was internationally competitive. In contrast, during the same period, milk production was not internationally competitive. However, there is also a considerable degree of variation from country to country; very little of Slovenia's agricultural production is internationally competitive. In the livestock sector the greatest problems lie where large herds have been broken up resulting in fragmented production. This has particularly affected beef and milk production. Considering variations in DRCs by farm type, larger private farms in Hungary and the Czech Republic are more internationally competitive than smaller private farms in crop production. If CEEC producers faced average EU prices for their traded inputs and output, most could be price competitive. However, conclusions should be treated with caution due to sensitivity of DRC ratios to changes in international prices and the choice of the shadow prices for non‐tradeable inputs 相似文献
913.
Matthew Langholtz Douglas R. Carter Donald L. Rockwood Janaki R.R. Alavalapati 《Journal of Forest Economics》2007,12(4):237-249
Fast growing and short-rotation tree crops provide unique opportunities to reclaim phosphate-mined lands in central Florida. Optimum management of the eucalyptus short-rotation woody crop forestry system studied necessitates harvests every 2.5–3.6 years and replanting after 2–5 coppice harvests. The value of phosphate mined land under Eucalyptus amplifolia forestry ranges from $762 to $6507 ha−1 assuming discount rates of 10% and 4%, respectively, establishment costs of $1800 ha−1, planting costs of $1200 ha−1, planting density of 8400 tree ha−1, and a stumpage price of $20 dry Mg−1. 相似文献
914.
Toward a Cognitive View of Signalling Theory: Individual Attention and Signal Set Interpretation
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Research on organizational signalling tends to focus on the effects of isolated or congruent signals, assuming highly rational responses to those signals. In this study, we theorize about the cognitive processes associated with the attention paid to and interpretation of multiple, often incongruent signals that organizations send to consumers, financiers, and other stakeholders who make organizational assessments. Contributing a cognitive perspective of signal attention and interpretation, alongside the introduction of signal sets, we provide a more complete picture of how organizational signalling unfolds in the field. Our research opens new frontiers for future inquiry into the cognitive foundations of signal attention, multi‐signal interpretation, and incongruent signals. 相似文献
915.
Matthew AlexanderAndrew MacLaren Kevin O’Gorman Christopher White 《Tourism Management》2012,33(4):875-884
Multilevel queues have become a common feature in service sector contexts, examples include ‘guest lists’ at night clubs and ‘priority boarding’ in air travel. This paper explores multilevel queueing systems within the context of theme parks, specifically their effects on consumers. Previous studies have focussed on single line systems and multilevel queues remain under-researched. By applying social justice and equity theory, the paper uses a mixed methods approach with site visits to theme parks followed up by two factorial experiments. The analytical contribution of the paper is its application of theoretically underpinned queueing research. The empirical gap addressed is multilevel queueing systems. The overall contribution of the paper offers new theory identifying tensions that exist between consumers in different queueing levels. If social justice is achieved for one group then it will create inequity for another; if equity is achieved then it will create injustice. 相似文献
916.
In this article, we explore if and why farmers are responding to the impacts of climate change with practices that increase greenhouse gas emissions. Our examination focuses on heavy rainfall events and Midwestern corn farmers' nitrogen fertilizer management. Due to climate change, the frequency and intensity of heavy rain events is increasing across the Midwest. These events increase nitrogen loss to the environment and introduces economic risks to farmers. Drawing from a theoretical framework that merges O'Connor's second contradiction of capitalism and Schnaiberg's treadmill of production, we argue farmers' responses to these events reflect the second contradiction, increasing contributions to climate change, and are shaped by treadmill‐like political‐economic pressures. We examine this using a qualitative sample of 154 farmers across Indiana, Iowa, and Michigan. Given profit imperatives, adapting farmers in our sample primarily used increased nitrogen application rates to reduce their vulnerability to heavy rains. As nitrogen rate is directly associated with nitrous oxide emissions, this adaptive strategy is effective but increases agricultural contributions to climate change. This preliminarily suggests that the political‐economic structure encourages farmers to respond to climate change in ways that accelerate the environmental contradictions of industrial agriculture. 相似文献
917.
This article extends the recent literature on the Prebisch–Singer hypothesis of a long-run decline in the relative prices of primary commodities. Our main innovation is testing for and estimating nonlinear alternatives to a secular deterioration. Specifically, we use bootstrap procedures to test the linear unit root model against models belonging to the family of smooth transition autoregressions (STARs) for twenty-four commodities, 1900–2003. In nineteen cases we reject the linear null at usual significance levels. In sixteen cases we are able to successfully fit STAR-type models. Simulation results show there is little support for the Prebisch–Singer hypothesis. 相似文献
918.
Beth Davis-Sramek Cornelia Droge John T. Mentzer Matthew B. Myers 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2009,37(4):440-454
As a result of weakening brand image/loyalty, little differentiation, and intense price competition, manufacturers are now
increasingly pressed to ensure retailers’ shelf space and/or salesperson attention. This research contributes to the literature
by empirically examining an underrepresented body of literature in the B2B context—retailer loyalty. Specifically, this study fills a gap by investigating retailer evaluations of the technical and relational dimensions of
a manufacturer’s order fulfillment service quality as predictors of retailer satisfaction, affective versus calculative commitment,
and ultimately loyalty behavior. Results suggest that both technical and relational order fulfillment service quality influence
satisfaction, which in turn positively affects both affective and calculative commitment. By separating the affective and
calculative dimensions, loyalty behavior is associated directly only with affective commitment. Further examination reveals that relational order fulfillment service quality has a direct impact
on affective commitment. When the sample was split based on “share of wallet,” results suggest that satisfaction impacts both
affective and calculative commitment, regardless of “share of wallet.” For “high share” retailers, the positive relationship
of calculative to affective commitment creates an indirect route (through affective commitment) by which calculative commitment affects behavioral loyalty. 相似文献
919.
920.
Evaluating land administration projects in developing countries 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
There have been various approaches to evaluating and comparing the performance of land administration and land titling projects in developing countries. Many of these consider the efficiency of land administration processes and the capacity of institutions. This paper presents the results of research undertaken by the authors and considers the most common approaches taken to date, and the strengths and limitations of these approaches. The authors argue that improvements are needed to project design and make recommendations for more effective use of socio-economic analyses. 相似文献