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51.
Market Designs for a Completely Renewable Power Sector 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The article discusses whether the current German electricity market design is suitable for an electricity system completely based on renewable sources, and analyzes alternatives. Such a system becomes ever more likely due to the phase-out of nuclear power and the carbon reduction targets. Various existing scenarios for a completely renewable electricity system are analyzed and compared with respect to the contribution of different renewable technologies. Challenges for the market design arising from the differences between the current and a completely renewable system are identified??notably problems with cost recovery and investment incentives, an increased need for balancing and/or intraday adjustments, an increased diversity of actors, grid congestion and the continuing occurrence of market power. The current market design??s ability to solve these issues is assessed with the result that all but the critical problem of investment incentives and cost recovery can be solved by adapting certain rules. A?comparison with other suggested market designs reveals that some designs could ensure cost recovery and investment incentives. However, these market designs have other drawbacks. Therefore, the identification of the optimal market design for a completely renewable electricity system requires further research regarding the qualitative and quantitative effects of different changes to the current market design. The article concludes by developing concrete policy recommendations. 相似文献
52.
NETNOMICS: Economic Research and Electronic Networking - 相似文献
53.
In an overlapping generations experiment with multiple families participants can support their parents directly and thereby reduce their tax burden or rely on tax‐financed old‐age support. State productivity is captured by the factor with which total tax revenues are multiplied to determine old‐age support. This factor is systematically varied from 0.75 to 1.25. Tax payments depend on declared endowment. Tax evasion is possible, but monitored. Our results suggest that state productivity influences neither direct support of own parents nor tax evasion. The main effect is that rich endowment triggers relatively low support of own parents and high (and more frequent) tax evasion. 相似文献
54.
Matthias Wrede 《International Tax and Public Finance》2000,7(2):163-175
This paper deals with a specific vertical assignment of public functions in a federation: Two levels of government share both the same tax source and expenditure on a productivity increasing public service. We consider surplus maximizing Leviathan governments which provide public services in order to increase their potential tax base. The Nash equilibrium is characterized by overtaxation and relative to surplus maximization—depending on whether or not the public goods are sufficiently complementary with the entire tax base—either underprovision or overprovision of the public service. The implications of these results, in terms of welfare and potential use for earmarking taxes are also considered. 相似文献
55.
Matthias R. Greuner David R. Kamerschen Peter G. Klein 《International Journal of the Economics of Business》2000,7(3):245-261
Is advertising anticompetitive? One school of thought in industrial economics holds that advertising increases profits and reduces consumer welfare by creating spurious product differentiation and barriers to entry. Another school focuses on the informative character of advertising, claiming that advertising makes markets more competitive and reduces profits by supplying consumers with information about price and quality. We distinguish these views by examining the effect of advertising on competition in the US automobile industry. Our data include advertising, sales, profit, and market-share figures for General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler over a 25-year period from 1970 to 1994.We ask if advertising increases or decreases profitability, controlling for market structure and other factors affecting demand.Wefind that these firms cannot increase their profits above normal levels by increasing their advertising expenditures. This evidence supports the view that advertising serves primarily to transmit information, not to create entry barriers. 相似文献
56.
The paper explores the linkage between income growth rates and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. So far the evidence is rather mixed, as no robust relationship between FDI and income growth has been established. We argue that countries need a sound business environment in the form of good government regulations to be able to benefit from FDI. Using a comprehensive data set for regulations, we test this hypothesis and find evidence that excessive regulations restrict growth through FDI only in the most regulated economies. This result is robust to different specifications of the econometric model. 相似文献
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59.
The EU and the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP) are presently renegotiating
their trade relations. Behind these negotiations are the fundamental conflict between
the existing arrangement and multilateral trade rules, the frustration regarding poor ACP
trade performance, the ineffectiveness of trade and trade-related ACP policies, and the
inefficiency of corresponding EU assistance. This article highlights the fundamentals of
the envisaged Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) between the EU and the ACP
countries, sums up previous estimates of their probable economic impact, discusses
policy options for ACP countries and sheds light on basic prerequisites, particularly on
institutional conditions, that should be fulfilled to ensure the success of EPAs. 相似文献
60.
Dr. Martin Kocher ist Post-Doc-Researcher am Center for Research in Experimental Economics Political Decision Making der Universit?t Amsterdam und Universit?tsassistent am Institut für Finanzwissenschaft der Universit?t Innsbruck; Prof. Dr. Matthias Sutter ist Lehrstuhlvertreter am Staatswissenschaftlichen Seminar an der Universit?t zu K?ln und Au?erordentlicher Universit?tsprofessor am Institut für Finanzwissenschaft der Universit?t Innsbruck. 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2005,85(12):802-808
Mit dem diesj?hrigen Nobelpreis für Wirtschaftswissenschaften wurden die Forscher Robert Aumann und Thomas Schelling für ihre
spieltheoretischen Beitr?ge zu Konflikt und Kooperation in (wiederholten) Spielen ausgezeichnet. Inwieweit haben die beiden
Forscher die Spieltheorie weiterentwickelt? Auf welche zentralen sozialwissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen lassen sich ihre
Erkenntnisse anwenden? 相似文献