转换增长方式的行业思索

随着中美两国就纺织品贸易签署备忘录,20多年来中国社会反响最大的贸易争端-美欧对华纺织品特保争端已经全部结束.     

Ishikawa迭代的非线性算子不动点逼近

本文在一致光滑的 Banach 空间,运用 Ishikawa 迭代,给出了方程解的逼近,进而将 C.E.Chidume 所研究结果从 Lipschitz 条件降至一致连续。关键词:巴拿赫空间;非线性算子;Ishikawa 迭代;强增生算子;强伪压缩算子;一致连续     

构建循环产业链建设环保节约型煤电集团

循环经济,作为实现可持续发展的具体途径,近年来得到党和政府的高度重视。煤炭产业作为基础性能源产业,其健康稳定发展事关经济发展和能源安全大局。为此,如何实施循环经济模式,实现煤炭企业稳定、快速、可持续发展是摆在所有煤炭企业决策层面前一个十分重要而紧迫的课题。     

合理设计我国个人所得税免征额

免征额的制订不能单纯地参考收入水平,还必须考虑社会各方面因素。以社会收入水平、贫困程度、贫富差距三方面因素推算出的免征额对全社会劳动者而言更为合理。由推算公式计算出的理论值与实际执行值相差达到一定程度时再考虑调整免征额,并且每次调整幅度应当考虑到未来一段时期内社会经济的发展状况,并注意保持相对稳定。     

建立我国纳税评估制度的思考

"征、管、查"三分离后,税务管理相对弱化,税务机关对纳税人无法实施有效的监控和管理,导致税款流失比较严重.为此,国家税务总局颁发了<纳税评估管理办法(试行)>(国税发[2005]43号,以下简称<办法>),出台了纳税评估制度.从实践探索的角度来看,征管改革是必需也是必要的,纳税评估在一定程度上也起到了积极作用.但笔者认为这项制度存在一些现实运用问题,其最大的弊端在于缺乏法律依据.     

Sociology,risk and the environment: a material-semiotic approach

Abstract

Sociology has made significant contributions to the conceptualisation of risk and critique of technical risk analysis. It has, however, unintentionally reinforced the division of labour between the natural/technical and social sciences in risk analysis. This paper argues that the problem with conceptualisations of risk is not a misplaced emphasis on calculation. Rather, it is that we have not adequately dealt with ontological distinctions implicit in both sociological and technical work on risk between material or objective risks and our socially mediated understandings and interpretations of those risks. While acknowledging that risks are simultaneously social and technical, sociologists have not, in practice, provided the conceptual and methodological tools to apprehend risk in a less dualistic manner. This limits our ability both to analyse actors and processes outside the social domain and to explore the recursive relationships between risk calculus, social action and the material outcomes of risk. In response, this paper develops a material-semiotic conceptualisation of risk and provides an assessment of its relevance to more sociologically informed risk governance. It introduces the ideas of co-constitution, emergent entities and enactment as instruments for reconciling the material and social worlds in a sociological study of risk. It further illustrates the application of a material-semiotic approach using these concepts in the nuclear industry. In deconstructing social–material dualisms in the sociology of risk, this paper argues that a material-semiotic conceptualisation of risk enables both technical and social perspectives on risk not only to coexist but to collaborate, widening the scope for interdisciplinary research.     

Annual report readability and corporate agency costs

Annual reports are the main sources of information for outside investors’ investment decisions and enable shareholders to supervise the management. Difficulties with the readability of these reports may therefore have serious consequences. Using 19,221 firm-year observations of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2001 to 2015, we investigate the association between annual report readability and corporate agency costs, where readability is proxied by report file length and/or file size. We find that firms with better annual report readability experience lower agency costs, and the negative association between readability and agency costs is more pronounced in firms with higher external audit quality, internal control quality or analyst coverage. These results hold after several robustness checks. The positive effect of annual report readability is stronger in private firms than in state-owned enterprises, and becomes stronger after the implementation of new accounting standards in 2007. Readable annual reports can help in monitoring corporate insiders’ opportunistic behavior and thus reduce agency costs.     

互联网环境下消费者跨渠道购买行为研究

随着网上零售市场的快速发展,众多传统零售商纷纷开设网络商店,实体店铺和网络商店相结合的多渠道零售模式已经成为我国零售业发展的趋势。文章基于认知失调理论和信任转移理论,构建了一个综合线下印象、线下信任、感知网上服务能力和网上购买意向的研究模型。实证检验结果表明,线下印象和线下信任对感知网店服务能力均有正向影响,而感知网店服务能力对消费者网上购买意向具有正向影响。本研究的结论对传统零售商进军电子商务领域提供了借鉴。     

高校研究生党员的先进性和纯洁性教育研究

保持党的先进性和纯洁性,是我党建设的内在要求,是马克思主义政党的本质属性。高校研究生党员保持党的先进性和纯洁性对党和国家事业的发展具有深远的意义,是历史发展的要求,是时代发展的要求。文章首先界定了研究生党员先进性和纯洁性的基本内容;其次,对高校研究生党员先进性和纯洁性教育研究的现状以及存在的问题进行了分析;最后,针对高校研究生党员先进性和纯洁性教育中存在的问题提出有效的建议和措施。     

数字金融发展能否在农村金融市场发挥“鲶鱼效应”*——来自中国农信机构的证据

本文从农信机构贷款支农的角度出发，探究数字金融能够在多大程度上促进市场竞争，进而在农村金融市场发挥“鲶鱼效应”。理论部分基于市场势力假说，分析了数字金融发展对农信机构放贷行为的影响；实证部分将北京大学数字普惠金融的县级指数与县域农村信用社、农村商业银行的贷款数据相结合，对理论假说进行了检验。结论如下：第一，数字金融发展能够激励当地农信机构提升涉农贷款和农户贷款的投放规模和增长速度，表明数字金融在农村金融市场上发挥了“鲶鱼效应”。第二，数字金融发展对农信机构支农力度的正向影响主要来源于竞争激励机制，而现阶段数字金融难以在技术上对农信机构起到示范作用。第三，进一步讨论发现，数字金融发展还有助于降低农信机构的贷款利率，让更多的涉农主体享受到利率更低的信贷服务，真正推动农村正规金融服务的“普”和“惠”共同实现。