The Impact of Non-Labor Income Given Job Heterogeneity on Household Time Allocation: The Evidence from China

This paper proposes a theoretical framework based on new household economic theories. A dataset from the 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) is used. Given heterogeneity in major family members’ jobs, the effect of non-labor income on household time allocation is discussed under two scenarios: jobs with flexible work hours and jobs with fixed work hours in the market. Based on the nature of the employer the major family member works for, employers can be categorized into four categories: government-owned, family contract, privately-owned, and foreign-funded. Each of the four categories is used for dissecting the data into different sets for analysis by category. The results imply that job heterogeneity is significantly correlated to household time allocation. An increase in non-labor income results in a decrease in the time allocated to housework for all households. However, leisure time is allocated differently among different households due to job heterogeneity. An increase in non-labor income leads to less leisure time for households working for government-owned or foreign-funded enterprises, and more leisure time for households working for family contract or privately-owned enterprises.     

当前金融业行为监管理论研究前沿与实践思考

目的/意义 梳理近年来国内外金融行为监管和消费者保护的研究进展,对完善行为监管的框架体系具有理论意义,对防控金融风险、稳定金融秩序、保护金融消费者合法权益具有现实意义,进而为金融改革方向提供新的思路。 方法/过程在现有研究的基础上,从行为监管的理论基础出发,分析行为监管对金融消费者保护的作用,简单归纳行为监管的体制结构,并提出行为监管未来的研究方向。 结果/结论要明确监管主体,加强执法力度,发挥行业协会的积极作用,注重金融知识教育的普及,并结合Fintech(金融科技)和Regtech(监管科技)的相关技术来提高金融监管效率,以真正达到保护金融消费者的目的。     

Does the Entrepreneurship of the Parents Affect the Opportunities of their Offspring’s Entrepreneurship? Empirical Analysis Based on the CGSS 2010–2013 Data

The whole society is paying close attention to “entrepreneurship,” which urges researchers to find an explanatory perspective relatively independent and with causality on the intergenerational transfer of entrepreneurship. Based on the data of the Chinese General Social Survey (short for CGSS) during the years 2010–2013, this paper analyzes how parents’ entrepreneurship affects the probability of their offspring’s entrepreneurship, and the results show that compared with the offspring of parents who did not start their own business, those whose parents did are more likely to choose to start their own business. In view of historical facts such as the “lay-off wave” during China’s transformation into a market economy, we use “the annual number of unemployed back to work,” a provincial-level indicator, in the 1990s as an instrumental variable to correct possible endogenous problems. We find that parents’ entrepreneurship has significant positive effects on the probability of their offspring’s entrepreneurship, which may result from the informal transfer of human capital and wealth from parents to their offspring.     

消费需求与国内旅游消费需求的周期性波动同步吗——基于MS-VAR模型时变特征的分析

系统把握消费需求与国内旅游消费需求的周期运行规律与联动机制,是提升我国消费需求与旅游消费需求的协同增长水平、促进需求结构转型升级的关键。文章基于宏观动态演进视角,构建马尔科夫区制转移向量自回归模型（MS-VAR）,通过变量协整分析、模型拟合、周期阶段划分以及格兰杰因果关系检验等动态计量分析过程探究二者周期联动规律。结果证实,消费需求与国内旅游消费需求的周期波动具有同步性,且这一关系形式实则是消费需求周期波动引发旅游消费需求同步变动的结果。文章认为,二者周期同步变动本质上是经济转型过程中,消费结构根据实际购买力水平和消费倾向,不断变更总体消费规模和服务型消费比重,以实现整体消费与局部支出协同增长的自组织与他组织过程。增强二者协同增长水平和推动消费结构优化转型,则需要产业政策与消费政策的共同调节和适时引导。     

Price clustering on the Shanghai Stock Exchange

We investigate price clustering of intraday trades and negotiated block trades on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) from 2003 to 2009. Prices of traded assets tend to cluster on certain final digits, such as 0 and 5. In Chinese culture, 8 is associated with good luck and 4 with death so these numbers may be attractive or avoided. We find that price clustering on the final digit of 0 is significantly higher during the morning call auction and early in the trading day. We find no evidence of price clustering for the digit 8, but there is a significant dearth of prices ending in the inauspicious number 4. Price clustering is significantly higher for negotiated block trades, for which about 28% end with 0. Multivariate analysis shows that price clustering is lower for more liquid firms, but higher for firms with higher return volatility, a higher price level, or when the market is volatile. Our evidence supports the costly negotiation hypothesis. Our results also support the attraction hypothesis in that we document significant price clustering at round numbers and even numbers even after controlling for factors that are associated with price uncertainty.     

基于计算实验方法的地铁工程成本管控行为激励机理研究

发展城市地铁是城市轨道交通建设的主导方向,也是地铁建设企业实现可持续发展的重要保障。大规模地铁建设需要对成本管控行为的机理、规律有进一步认识和研究。基于激励视角,识别了我国地铁工程成本管控行为激励因素,运用计算实验方法建立模型,设计实验情景,设置实验参数,研究了激励因素对地铁工程成本管控行为的作用机理。实验结果表明：环境、工作、回报、管理因素对地铁工程成本管控行为变化具有显著影响。其中,环境因素具有调节作用,工作因素具有推动作用,回报因素具有促进作用,管理因素具有引领作用。实验结果可为地铁工程成本管控提供启示与借鉴。     

金融发展、企业特征与研发融资约束

基于2008-2014年沪深A股主板和中小企业板上市公司数据,实证研究金融发展能否缓解企业R&D融资约束、促进企业R&D投入,并进一步考察这种作用在规模、区域、所有权、行业等4种因素影响下的差异性。研究发现：金融发展能够显著缓解企业面临的R&D融资约束,并且这种缓解作用对小规模企业和民营企业更加明显;金融发展水平较高的东部地区能够在更大程度上促进企业研发投入,而中西部地区则未能有效刺激企业R&D支出;与高科技行业相比,非高科技行业能够从金融发展中获利更多,其R&D投入水平得到显著提高。     

耗散理论视域下我国特大城市产业结构生态化转型研究

以生态文明建设为出发点,针对我国特大城市产业结构实际,以北京市为例,从耗散结构角度分析了北京市产业结构系统的困境,以及造成北京市产业结构失衡的熵增因素,提出产业结构生态化是特大城市未来产业结构演化方向。基于生态城市产业发展相关理论,结合耗散结构理论,提出通过引入含有负熵流的生态化政策与技术,如大力发展新兴产业、培养高新技术人才等,引起城市产业结构涨落,形成新的稳定结构,是我国特大城市产业结构生态化转型的重要解决途径。     

OFDI对中国产业比较优势动态升级的影响

随着经济全球化的发展,国际分工深化为全球价值链分工。从规模效应、结构效应、技术效应3个方面阐释了OFDI对比较优势动态升级的影响机理,利用WIOD数据库测算出1995-2014年中国制造业出口增加值、产业出口优化度EO指数、GVC地位指数并分别表征规模效应、结构效应、技术效应,应用改进后的贸易引力模型和时间序列模型,对3个效应进行检验。研究结果显示,中国企业开展OFDI可以促进比较优势的动态升级,实现价值链攀升。     

出口退税政策对出口贸易的持续影响效应研究——来自异质性企业出口生存率的证据

出口退税作为一项贸易调控政策,在一国政府应对国际贸易的大幅波动中发挥着重要作用.文章以企业出口关系持续性作为研究切入点,结合高度细化的出口退税率数据,运用生存分析模型对出口退税政策的实施效果进行系统评估.研究表明:(1)总体而言,出口退税率的变动在短期和长期均对企业出口关系的稳定性产生了显著影响.(2)在短期内,出口退税政策的调整对企业出口持续性的影响不因其所在区域和行业特征的差异而存在显著不同,但在所有制属性层面,民营企业受到的影响程度最大.(3)在长期内,来自东部地区、民营以及低技术行业的企业不仅受政策变动的作用时效更长,而且受政策调整的影响效果也更明显;而来自西部地区、三资以及高技术行业的企业则对出口退税政策调整的反应敏感程度最低.因此,出口退税政策的实施需要结合出口信贷等政策加以综合运用,以保证经济的平稳运行.