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161.
162.
Théophile Azomahou 《Cliometrica》2008,2(1):49-83
This paper contributes to the interface literature of new methodological foundation of analyzing historical data with space
and spatio-temporal phenomena. In particular, I consider estimating the spatial panel autoregressive model using the minimum
distance estimator. Spatial autoregression has important implications for economic system that typifies correlatedness across
many spatial locations and which could evolve over long span of time. To overcome computational difficulties, I suggest a
two-stage estimation procedure based on minimum distance estimators. A striking feature of the proposed model is that minimum
distance estimates are derived under common slopes and complete equality of parameters across spatial units. Assumption of
common slopes across spatial units is an empirical and theoretical plausibility as many spatial units are observed to share
common trend and typology of changes occurring to the individual system under which equality of parameters are possibilities.
The estimation strategy allows various restrictions on time-varying vector parameters. Moreover, those restrictions can easily
be tested. I apply this procedure to the residential demand for water of 115 French municipalities over the biannual period
1988–1993. The primary contribution of the paper is to the methodological side of cliometrics while the empirical application
(with shorter time period) has been presented for illustrative purpose although, it can nonetheless be readily applied to
historical data with long-time horizon allowing for restrictions such as spatio-temporal common vector and structural break
in parameter estimates.
相似文献
Théophile AzomahouEmail: |
163.
In this paper we examine a number of issues that arise in investigating labor force dynamics using the Spanish Labor Force
Survey (EPA). These issues are by no means specific to the Spanish case and apply to most European-style labor force surveys.
Our main conclusions may be summarized as follows. First, survey nonresponse cannot be neglected. Second, the EPA tends to
underestimate employment and participation of high-educated young people, and to overestimate those of the low-educated elderly.
Finally, we find little evidence that attrition causes important selection biases in estimating quarterly transition probabilities. 相似文献
164.
Over the last decade, the public sector in Mexico experienced substantial fiscal reform, divestiture of public enterprises,
and the elimination of many regulations affecting pay and employment. This study analyzes the changes in the public/private
sector differences in wages during the 1987–1997 period. The results from analyzing microdata from the Encuesta Nacional de
Empleo Urbano show that relative public sector wages increased from 1987 to 1997. Most of the relative wage increase in the
public sector can be explained by increases in the price of skills and by changes in sorting across sectors. The results have
important public policy implications since they suggest that public sector workers earn more and their wages have grown faster
than those of their private sector counterparts. As such, policies contemplating public sector reform should take into account
the effect of these measures on the inter-sectoral income distribution and the overall economic growth.
First version received: April 2000/Final version received: December 2000 相似文献
165.
Haozhen Zhang Jianwei Zhong Cédric de Chardon 《The Canadian journal of economics》2020,53(4):1642-1662
Life-cycle direct public fiscal contributions and transfers are studied using longitudinal income tax data from 1982 to 2016 and administrative files for immigrants landed in Canada from 1980 to 2016. Relative to a comparison group comprising the Canadian-born and immigrants landed before 1980, immigrants since 1980 have a lower average net direct fiscal contribution (NDFC) during their working years due to their lower taxes and social security contributions but a higher average NDFC after 65 years of age because of reduced public pension eligibility and entitlement. Immigrants who landed at younger than 19 years old have much higher direct fiscal contributions than other age-at-arrival groups and reach their peak of contributions around 10 years earlier in life than other age-at-arrival groups. Immigrants whose age at arrival is above 65 have a less negative average NDFC than other age-at-arrival groups over the above-65 life cycle. These life-cycle age𠄁at-arrival trajectories are stable for immigrants in different landing cohorts. We apply the life-cycle estimates to project the present discounted value of lifetime NDFCs for immigrants who landed in 2016. For each landing age group, refugees and family class immigrants have negative or zero average present values of life-cycle NDFCs, much below that of economic immigrants. 相似文献
166.
Louis Lévy-Garboua Hela Maafi David Masclet Antoine Terracol 《Experimental Economics》2012,15(1):128-144
We present a new experimental evidence of how framing affects decisions in the context of a lottery choice experiment for
measuring risk aversion. We investigate framing effects by replicating the Holt and Laury’s (Am. Econ. Rev. 92:1644–1655,
2002) procedure for measuring risk aversion under various frames. We first examine treatments where participants are confronted
with the 10 decisions to be made either simultaneously or sequentially. The second treatment variable is the order of appearance of the ten lottery pairs. Probabilities of winning are ranked either
in increasing, decreasing, or in random order. Lastly, payoffs were increased by a factor of ten in additional treatments. The rate of inconsistencies was significantly
higher in sequential than in simultaneous treatment, in increasing and random than in decreasing treatment. Both experience
and salient incentives induce a dramatic decrease in inconsistent behaviors. On the other hand, risk aversion was significantly
higher in sequential than in simultaneous treatment, in decreasing and random than in increasing treatment, in high than in
low payoff condition. These findings suggest that subjects use available information which has no value for normative theories,
like throwing a glance at the whole connected set of pairwise choices before making each decision in a connected set of lottery
pairs. 相似文献
167.
Theory asserts that individuals’ migration decisions depend more on their expectations about future income levels than on their current income levels. We find that the implementation of market-oriented reforms in post-communist countries, by forming positive economic prospects, has reduced emigration as predicted by theory. Our estimates show that migration flows are highly responsive to reforms supporting private enterprises and financial services, which provide individuals with strong signals about their future prospects. We show that reforms that improve the management of infrastructure services have no link with migration patterns, which may be an important lesson for government policy. 相似文献
168.
Governments and central banks need to have an accurate and timely assessment of indicators for the current month, as this is essential for providing a reliable and early analysis of the current economic situation. The index of industrial production (IIP) is probably the most important and widely analyzed monthly indicator, given the relevance of the manufacturing activity as a driver of the whole business cycle. This paper presents a series of models conceived to forecast the current French monthly IIP, based on regression models and dynamic factor models. The combination of these two approaches allows selecting economically relevant explanatory variables among a large data set. In addition, a rolling forecast study is carried out to assess the forecasting performance of the estimated models, using predictive ability and model confidence set tests. This latter allows getting several models displaying equivalent forecasting performance and therefore gives robustness to the forecasting exercise rather than to base the forecasting analysis only on one model. 相似文献
169.
Daniela Andrén 《Economic Modelling》2012,29(6):2673-2685
Legally binding treaties or memorandums have been used over time to regulate the issue of national borders of many European countries. As a result, relatively large groups of people have become ethnic minorities in other countries. They may conserve their ethnic identities, and therefore their children may accumulate ethnic human capital (e.g., language, culture, and religion) in addition to the general human capital of the country. Therefore, they can get access to an appropriate occupation linked by tradition or other factors to their ethnic group. This paper uses estimates from a selection model with an endogenous switch among three broad types of occupational groups to analyze the composition of the wage gap between Romanians and ethnic Hungarians in Romania before and during the transition from a planned to a market economy. The results suggest that the institutional settings of the controlled economy allowed Romanians to work in occupations that gave them the best returns, while the changes during the transition years allowed ethnic Hungarians to work in occupations that gave them the best returns. 相似文献
170.