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191.
192.
193.
While research and development (R&D) investment has been procyclical in the post-war period, recent literature suggests that
the optimal path for R&D is countercyclical, and that the economy would be better off by subsidizing R&D in recessions. The
objective of this paper is to analyze the welfare effects of distortions in the intertemporal allocation of R&D resources
and to compare diverse policy interventions so as to improve social welfare. To this end, we introduce a calibrated dynamic
stochastic general equilibrium model with Schumpeterian endogenous growth that is capable of explaining the observed procyclicality
of R&D. Our results show that the cost of business cycles is lower in the decentralized economy with procyclical R&D than
in the efficient allocation with countercyclical R&D. This is because the suboptimal propagation of shocks in the decentralized
equilibrium offsets some of the existing steady-state distortions. In this second-best context, countercyclical R&D subsidies have no positive effect on welfare. In contrast, fiscal policies aimed at restoring
the optimal steady-state produce large welfare gains. 相似文献
194.
We report on an experiment conducted to evaluate the effects of varying the way in which market information is presented to
participants in laboratory Cournot duopolies. We find that the most standard variations, which are the use of a profit table
or a profit calculator, yield indistinguishable performance. However, the addition of a best-response option to the profit
calculator tends to increase aggregate output to the Cournot level and decrease the incidence of tacit collusion. 相似文献
195.
Andrés Artal-Tur Juana Castillo-Giménez Carlos Llano-Verduras Francisco Requena-Silvente 《International Review of Economics & Finance》2011,20(2):157-172
The Heckscher–Ohlin–Vanek (HOV) model in its strict form has been strongly rejected by the data. Relaxing some assumptions of the standard HOV model is key to find improvements in its performance. We apply the Davis and Weinstein (2001) methodology to analyse the validity of the HOV model using regions rather than countries. Surprisingly, our results using data for 17 Spanish regions are similar to theirs with international data for OECD countries. Accounting for technological differences improves the predictive capacity of the factor proportions model and including trade costs and geography reduces significantly the missing trade problem. However, relaxing the assumption of factor price equalisation does not improve the performance of the HOV model in a regional setting. 相似文献
196.
Arminda M. Finisterra do Pa?o Jo?o Matos Ferreira M��rio Raposo Ricardo Gouveia Rodrigues Anabela Dinis 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2011,9(1):20-38
This paper aims to identify some factors that may be explaining differences among secondary students in start-up intentions.
For that, the study develops an entrepreneurial intention model sustained by the use of Azjen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour
(TBP). Using a sample of students aged between 14 and 15 years old, a questionnaire based on the Li?án and Chen’s Entrepreneurial
Intention Questionnaire was administrated. The purpose is to test a model of entrepreneurial intention using structural equations.
The findings point that TPB is an appropriate tool to model the development of entrepreneurial intention through pedagogical
processes and learning contexts. The education and training should centre itself much more in changing personal attitudes
than in knowledge. Moreover, it is desirable that an entrepreneurship educational programme could contribute to the development
of competences related to entrepreneurship, social and civic skills, and cultural awareness. 相似文献
197.
In this paper, we take up an approach of (Lindberg, in Bernoulli, 15(2):464–474, 2009) who introduced a new parameterization
of the Black–Scholes model that allows for an easy solution of the continuous-time Markowitz mean-variance problem. We generalize
the results of (Lindberg, in Bernoulli, 15(2):464–474, 2009) to a jump-diffusion market setting and slightly correct the proof
and the assertion of the main result. Further, we demonstrate the implications of the Lindberg parameterization for the stock
price drift vector in different market settings, analyse the dependence of the optimal portfolio from jump and diffusion risk
and finally indicate how to use the method. We particularly also show how the optimal strategy can be obtained with the restricted
use of historical data. 相似文献
198.
The role of intellectual capital in the success of new ventures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Esther Hormiga Rosa M. Batista-Canino Agust��n S��nchez-Medina 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2011,7(1):71-92
Identifying the factors that contribute to the success of new ventures is a difficult and challenging task. In that respect,
this paper proposes an analysis of the intellectual capital within new business ventures. Based on the study of a sample of
130 new companies, for the purpose of this work we have analysed the influence of the proposed intangible assets on the success
of newly-created organizations, acknowledging the key role of the human and relational capital in the first few years of the
life of the business. 相似文献
199.
In this paper, we study different and, in particular, “optimal” reactions of fiscal (and to some extent monetary) policies
to the financial and economic crisis of 2007–2009 in Slovenia, a small open economy that is part of the Economic and Monetary
Union (EMU). Using an econometric model of the Slovenian economy, we simulate the effects of the global crisis under the assumption
of no-policy reactions, i.e. assuming that macroeconomic policies are conducted without attempting to deal with the effects
of the crisis. Next, we study the possibilities of fiscal policy reducing or even annihilating the effects of the crisis.
We also investigate the optimal reaction of fiscal policies based on the assumption that Slovenian policy-makers behave as
though they were optimizing an objective function. We show that optimal policies call for only a very modestly active countercyclical
role of fiscal policies. There are strong trade-offs between countercyclical fiscal policies and the requirements of fiscal
solvency. 相似文献
200.
Ensar Y?lmaz 《Economic Modelling》2011,28(3):1247-1255
This paper studies the impacts of income distribution on the efficiency of trade mechanism and rationing of agents who are priced out of trade in a dynamic search model with two-sided asymmetric information. Buyers and sellers have asymmetric information about valuations and incomes respectively. In such a frictional environment, the effects of several variants of changes in income distribution on efficiency of trading mechanism and the population of rationed buyers and sellers are elaborated. 相似文献