企业接受捐赠的会计处理探析

财政部、国家税务总局《关于执行〈企业会计制度〉和相关会计准则问题解答(三)》(财会[2003]29号)对企业接受捐赠的会计处理在《企业会计制度》的基础上予以进一步明确。但仔细分析不难发现,目前的会计处理仍然存在两大问题:一是违背了会计核算的基本原则之一——配比原则;二是混淆了负债与所有者权益的界限。本文通过分析税收法规和会计制度的相关规定,拟探讨一下其中问题所在,并提出建议。相关法规和制度的规定与分析(一)税收法规的规定与分析按《国家税务总局关于执行〈企业会计制度〉需要明确的有关所得税问题的通告》(国税发[2003]45号…     

外国石油公司动态（2005年8月）

雷普索尔与Hunt石油公司签署秘鲁LNG出口协议；壳牌加拿大Athabasca油砂项目需大幅增加投资；雷普索尔与Gas Natural SDG成立LNG合资公司；挪威国家石油公司与阿尔及利亚签署合作协议；TNK-BP将投资2．7亿美元开发东西伯利亚油田；壳牌与CHOREN合作首次开发商业性太阳能燃料；壳牌将在2006年出售LPG资产；壳牌获得波弗特海勘探区块重返阿拉斯加；克尔-麦吉以35亿美元出售北海石油资产；俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司签署首个LNG交换协议；优尼科公司股东大会投票批准与雪佛龙合并；道达尔收购Deer Creek能源全部股份；埃克森美孚公司向Grupa Lotos公司出售加气站；Gazprom今年上半年净收入增加40．7％；埃尼获得路易斯安那州LNG终端再汽化能力；埃尼获得印度两个勘探许可证股权；埃克森美孚退出印尼亚齐海上区块A；壳牌等三家公司共同赢得爱尔兰深水勘探许可证；安纳达科购买雷佛龙在墨西哥湾勘探项目20％～25％股权；BP在安哥拉超深水31区块获得第八个发现。     

Spatial Heterogeneity in Mortgage Terminations by Refinance, Sale and Default

This article investigates the impact of spatially correlated unobservable variables on the refinancing, selling and default decisions of mortgage borrowers. Virtually the entire mortgage literature acknowledges that borrower-specific characteristics, such as culture, education or access to information, play an important role in mortgage termination decisions. While we do not observe these variables directly, we note that borrowers of similar background tend to cluster together in neighborhoods. We estimate a competing risks hazard model with random effects using a three-stage maximum likelihood estimation approach. We utilize the space-varying coefficient method to modify the covariance structure according to the spatial distribution of the observations. Beyond a significant improvement of the model performance, this yields a number of insightful implications for mortgage termination behavior. For instance, borrowers of the affluent "West Side" of Los Angeles County both refinance and move at a higher rate than predicted by the standard maximum likelihood estimation method. At the same time, borrowers from some lower-valued neighborhoods tend to stay longer than expected with their mortgages and properties.     

A Reexamination of Housing Price and Household Consumption in China: The Dual Role of Housing Consumption and Housing Investment

It is important to investigate the correlation between housing price and household consumption to gain an understanding of the behavior of the economy and effectively handle the consequences of economic development. In the last two decades, the accumulation of housing wealth by Chinese households has not been effectively transmitted to their final consumption. We discovered that the sustained increase in household wealth and housing-ownership rate in China has been accompanied by a decrease in consumption rate. We also identified a negative correlation between housing price and household consumption for both the homeowners who own one housing unit and those who own two units of housing. We investigated this phenomenon in China both theoretically and empirically by capturing the dual nature of housing as a consumption good and an investment vehicle. We found that the demand for second housing units is motivated by increasing housing consumption demand rather than pure investment needs. To explain the mechanisms that drive household-consumption behavior, we also explored the effects on household consumption of China’s educational system, marriage market and ageing society, as well as future housing-market uncertainty. The implications of government intervention in the housing market are discussed.     

Short Positions in the First Principal Component Portfolio

Insurance companies and pension plans typically hold well-diversified equity portfolios. These institutions are also often restricted from taking short positions. The diversification requirement operates on the portfolio level, while the short sale constraint is at the individual security level. We examine an investment strategy that exposes a tension between these two requirements. This strategy uses the first principal component to construct the portfolio and by design meets the first requirement. Empirical portfolios based on the first principal component do an excellent job of capturing market exposure and minimizing diversifiable risk. However, in practice such portfolios sometimes contain a few short positions. So this strategy does not always meet the second requirement. We examine which features of stock returns give rise to short positions when a portfolio is based on the first principal component, and we are able to identify the characteristics of the stocks that are responsible for the short positions. These stocks tend to have negative correlations with the majority of other stocks. In contrast such stocks would typically be held long in a Markowitz portfolio. We discuss and explain this puzzle.     

Experiencing meaningfulness climate in teams: How spiritual leadership enhances team effectiveness when facing uncertain tasks

This study integrates social information processing theory with leadership and climate literature, and aims to produce novel theoretical insights into whether and how spiritual leadership and task uncertainty foster conditions to enhance meaningfulness climate and subsequent team effectiveness in China. Team effectiveness was operationalized as team performance and team organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Based on data collected at three time points over 12 months from multiple sources of 123 teams in China, we found that spiritual leadership was positively related to team performance and team OCB through meaningfulness climate. Further, the relationship between spiritual leadership and meaningfulness climate was stronger for teams with high task uncertainty than teams with low task uncertainty.     

Whither seniority? Career progression and performance orientation in South Korea

Framed by institutional theory, this study reassesses the influence of seniority on (HRM) in South Korea today. We analyze first the overall influence of seniority in business, second its significance for career progression (i.e. promotion), and third its relation to individual performance orientation. By conducting in-depth interviews among local and expatriate managers, we find that the role of seniority is still pronounced. Seniority-based promotion remains significant, and individual performance evaluation systems, as are typically found in Western countries, hardly fit the cultural environment and tend to be ineffective. By contributing to the extant theories on institutional dynamics and the convergence–divergence–hybridization debate alike, our results strengthen the culturalist approaches, holding that informal institutions persist and do not disappear quickly. Further, rather than moving towards global convergence, we see the Korean HRM system as being in a state of hybridization caused by coercive isomorphism resulting from experimentation with foreign best-practice systems. As a result, some HRM practices are dysfunctional. We recommend that firms should reinterpret their valuation of individual performance towards team achievements and pay more attention to the optimal team composition.     

大凉山高山峡谷保土减灾区输变电项目水土流失防治措施探讨

基于多年从事大凉山地区输变电类建设项目水土保持工作实践,对该区域输变电类项目引发水土流失的特点进行分析总结,探讨因地制宜的水土流失防治措施,最大可能促进区域建设与生态环境协调发展,保护长江上游生态屏障.     

完全与不完全资产市场理论的一致性

本文通过建立一个包含完全市场与不完全市场的统一经济模型,从理论上阐述了不完全市场与完全市场的联系、区别及效率性。提出现实生活中如何把不完全市场转化为完全市场,从而使市场的效率增加。最后,针对现实的不完全市场,提出三种与之相应的制度安排。     

亚洲各国FDI流入相互关系的实证研究

近些年来,中国吸引的FDI增长迅速,亚洲的一些国家担心这会对本国的FDI流入产生负面影响。本文利用了空间计量经济学的方法来研究亚洲各国FDI流入之间的相互关系。研究结果表明,母国和东道国的GDP、东道国的劳动生产率对一国FDI流入规模的影响是正面的,而两国间距离和东道国贸易成本的影响是负面的;无论是亚洲整体还是亚洲的发展中国家,FDI流入都是互补的。由此,本文建议亚洲各国对FDI不应展开过度竞争。