Beyond absorptive capacity in open innovation process: the relationships between openness,capacities and firm performance

The literature has shown that open innovation (OI) can be a winning strategy in improving firm performance. However, in order to adopt and implement it, managers need to resolve practical problems, such as understanding the role played by OI capacities and openness on firm performance. In response to these needs, this study aims to investigate the hierarchical relationships between openness, OI capacities and performance using a structural equation model approach. This paper also attempts to compare the levels of openness between firms in different industries to discover similarities and differences in OI phenomena. The analysis of data obtained from a survey of Korean firms shows significant interrelations between openness, OI capacities and firm performance. Our results go further in developing understanding of the building blocks on which successful OI is built and particularly suggest that desorptive capacity which underpins the out-bound OI process, is in turn strongly supported by knowledge management capacity. It is hoped that the results of this study can enrich our understanding of the OI mechanism and provide managerial and policy implications.     

废干电池制备锰锌铁氧体中硫酸盐溶液脱除钛钾钠的研究

研究了在废干电池和钛白厂废硫酸制备锰锌铁氧体过程中硫酸盐溶液脱除钛钾钠的影响.实验结果表明,以双氧水作为氧化剂,在15L的硫酸盐溶液,控制反应温度为95℃,pH值为1.5,反应时间为2h条件下,加入100mL双氧水,净化后溶液中的钛、钾、钠离子浓度分别为0.005g/L、0.005 g/L、0.084 g/L,达到制备高档锰锌铁氧体产品的要求.     

Understanding the human side of openness: the fit between open innovation modes and CEO characteristics

In small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), where typically the decision-making process is highly centralised, important decisions, such as open innovation (OI) adoption, will be strongly influenced by the characteristics of their Chief Executive Officers (CEOs). Pointing the attention to the strategic leadership and human elements, this paper sheds light on the micro-foundation of OI by emphasising the role that the personal traits of key individuals in innovation. OI adoption could result in the enactment of several OI modes – each representing an opportunity of potential change (of market, of technology or/and of the organisation) – and this paper attempts to examine the relationships between the CEO characteristics and each of the OI modes. Our analysis, using Korean SME data, shows that CEOs’ positive attitude, entrepreneurial orientation (EO), patience and education can play important roles in facilitating OI in SMEs. However, this paper also observed that the effects of CEO characteristics on OI adoption were differently configured according to the nature of each OI mode, for example, CEOs’ patience and EO had different impacts depending on the degree of uncertainty in the OI mode. This suggest that OI must be understood as a wide innovation spectrum, and, to increase opportunities for successful OI adoption, CEOs have to attempt to compensate for characteristics they may lack by recruiting appropriate complementary top managements. The research has practical implications for CEOs and policy makers who are interested in enhancing competitiveness of SMEs.     

HOW LARGE ARE LEARNING EXTERNALITIES?*

The quantitative features of human capital externalities are not fully understood. Although static externalities are estimated in some studies, learning externalities remain mostly unestimated. By calibrating a growth model, this article provides an estimate of learning externalities. The calibration uses an equilibrium condition that equates private returns on physical capital and human capital. The results suggest that sizable learning externalities exist, even in a conservative setup. The estimated social rate of return on human capital is 9.0%, compared to the private rate of return, 6.6%. Therefore, human capital externalities are an important source of economic growth.     

针对提高墙体裂缝施工措施之探析

本文对墙体裂缝的产生原因、裂缝特征以及防治措施等问题进行分析研究,并从建筑施工角度,提出预防墙体开裂的技术措施。     

提升领导干部公信力的思考与对策

领导干部是社会的中坚、国家的栋梁,领导干部的公信力引领和影响着社会的公信力,影响着党的执政能力.因此,领导干部较高的公信力是我党领导中国革命和建设走向成功的一项重要资源,是我党成功执政的重要基础.本文探讨了领导干部公信力面临的各种挑战,并初步提出了提升领导干部公信力的途径.     

Currency Networks, Bilateral Exchange Rate Volatility and the Role of the US Dollar

We investigate monthly bilateral exchange rate volatility for a large sample of currency pairs over the period 1999?C2006. Pegs (particularly to the US dollar) and managed floats tend to have lower volatility than independent floats. A deeper investigation shows that the peg effect operates almost entirely through currency networks (i.e. where two currencies are pegged to the same anchor currency), and the lower volatility of US dollar pegs reflects the size of the US dollar network. Managed floats show clear evidence of tracking the US dollar, further increasing the effective size of the US dollar network. Inflation undermines the currency-stabilizing effect of peg networks. Currencies in smaller peg networks have higher unweighted but not trade-weighted exchange rate volatility, which is consistent with anchors being chosen to minimize trade-weighted volatility. The size of the effective US dollar network revealed here is a plausible explanation of the rarity of basket pegs. Volatility also reflects a range of structural factors such as country size, level of development, population density, inflation differentials and business cycle asymmetry.     

创业者因“我能”而拼凑：创业震荡的调节效应

遵循自我一致性理论和认知评价理论，引入创业目标清晰度和创业震荡（消极创业震荡和积极创业震荡），揭示创业自我效能感影响创业拼凑的内在作用机制和边界条件。基于297名创业者回溯式调查数据进行实证检验，结果发现：创业自我效能感既能直接促进创业拼凑，又能通过创业目标清晰度的中介作用产生间接促进作用；积极创业震荡能够削弱创业自我效能感对创业拼凑的驱动效应，并且通过创业目标清晰度的中介作用实现；消极创业震荡的调节效应不显著。研究结论部分解释了“面对同样的资源短缺情境，为何有些创业者积极开展创业拼凑，但有些创业者却无所事事”和“积极创业者在何种情境下会开展更多创业拼凑”等问题。     

浅谈市政给排水工程施工质量管理

市政给排水工程是城市运转、人民生活有秩序的基础保障,加强市政给排水工程的质量管理具有重要的意义,市政给排水工程的质量好坏对城市给排水、平稳渡过汛期、防止内涝都有直接的影响,只有采取合理的施工技术和管理方法,才能避免各种低质量问题,最终确保市政给排水工程的质量。     

财务管理创新探析

在建立现代企业制度进程中必须强化财务管理,明确财务管理目标,全面实施财务预算管理;建立控制标准,加强成本管理;树立以人为本的理财观念;强化风险管理.