How Banks' Value-at-Risk Disclosures Predict their Total and Priced Risk: Effects of Bank Technical Sophistication and Learning over Time

Using a sample of eight large commercial banks from 1994 to 2000, Jorion (2002) finds that banks' VaR disclosures for their trading portfolios predict trading income variability. We extend Jorion's findings using a larger sample of 17 banks from 1997 to 2002 reporting trading VaRs under FRR No. 48 (1997). We find that banks' trading VaRs have predictive power for trading income variability that increases with bank technical sophistication and over time. We find that banks' trading VaRs have predictive power for a bank-wide measure of total risk, return variability, and for two bank-wide measures of priced risk, beta and realized returns.     

Environment–strategy co‐evolution and co‐alignment: a staged model of Chinese SOEs under transition

Economic reform in China has attracted growing attention from around the world owing to its significance for theory and practice. What has been largely missing in the literature is the temporal dimension, i.e., the changes over time in key variables such as organizational environment, firm strategic adaptations, and the performance implications. In this study, we investigate environment and strategic adaptations 12 years after Tan and Litschert examined these issues in 1990. Following a staged model, the study found that (1) organizational environment and firm strategic adaptations have co‐evolved over time, (2) a new configuration has emerged and is related to improved performance, and (3) such a relationship is moderated by the stage during transition in which firms were founded. Specifically, firms founded since 1990 are more proactive and innovative than firms that had existed in the previous stage. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Are there major differences in the attitudes and service quality of standard and seasonal employees? An empirical examination and implications for practice

Despite the increased use of seasonal employees by organizations, few studies have been completed on the attitudes and service quality of seasonal office workers. Using Lautsch's classification model, we analyzed the organizational context in which the standard and seasonal workers in this study were employed. Hypotheses were developed based upon the organizational analysis and social exchange theory. Results from archival data obtained from a web‐based organizational survey of 205 clerical and professional workers indicated contrary to expectations, standard and seasonal employees did not significantly differ in terms of perceptions of overall job conditions, perceived organizational support (POS), or job engagement. However, seasonal employees did report significantly fewer opportunities to work on challenging tasks, less comfortable physical working conditions, and less job security than the standard workers. As predicted, standard employees reported significantly higher levels of service quality performance than seasonal employees. Additionally, job engagement mediated the relationship between POS and service quality for both the standard and seasonal employees. Implications for managing seasonal employees are discussed.     

对我国企业家制度的几点思考——基于国有企业的视角

企业家是稀缺资源,是推动国民经济发展的主要力量。企业家制度及企业家队伍建设是我国国企改革中一个重要的环节。2003年国务院国资委成立以来,对企业家制度进行了一系列的设计和安排,企业家队伍建设也取得了一定的成效,通过对这些制度的思考提出一些看法。     

我国脱贫减贫:现状、问题与战略转型研究

我国脱贫减贫呈现出典型的阶段性推进特征。通过持续的大规模扶贫开发,绝对贫困问题总体解决,区域性整体贫困明显缓解,贫困地区生活质量全面提高。但减贫也存在相对贫困人口规模较大,贫困人口识别标准单一,脱贫减贫主体发挥作用不够,扶贫减贫治理碎片化等问题。2020年我国脱贫攻坚任务如期完成后,绝对贫困解决但相对贫困仍将长期存在。发达国家减贫的贫困线设置、提升减贫内生动力、精准扶贫对象、分类设计保障性扶贫等有效做法,值得我们借鉴。适应新形势,2020年后我国减贫重心要转向常规治理相对贫困,减贫治理要转向统筹城乡贫困治理一体化,减贫政策要重在防止贫困人口返贫,减贫对象要更加关注特殊地区和特殊人群。     

商业信用:基于企业融资动机的实证研究

商业信用是企业从外部市场进行短期融资的重要组成部分。本文采用我国上市公司2000年至2004年的数据实证研究了商业信用作为企业外部融资方式的决定因素。实证结果发现企业获得的商业信用与企业规模、财务杠杆、销售增长率以及国有股比例呈显著正相关关系．而与短期银行借款比例以厦毛利润率呈显著负相关关系。这些发现表明,在我国目前所处的融资环境下。商业信用已经成为企业的重要融资手段。与银行信贷相比。商业信用具有一定的融资比较优势,作为提供商业信用的企业,对客户的经营状况等信息的了解更有效。     

中国银行业的市场结构与银行绩效关系研究——基于33家商业银行面板数据的实证检验

以33家商业银行1997—2004年的数据为研究对象,以赫芬达尔指数作为衡量市场结构指标,本文对中国银行业市场结构与银行绩效关系进行了研究。研究结果表明,市场集中度降低对四大国有商业银行盈利能力没有产生显著性影响,但削弱了其他股份制商业银行和城市商业银行的盈利能力。市场集中度与所有银行净利息边际存在显著的负相关关系,不能跨地域经营的城市商业银行净利息边际显著低于其他商业银行。因此应该适度放开城市商业银行经营的地城限制。并防止过度竞争。     

FANUC数控系统典型故障分析

以FANUC-0系列为例,介绍典型故障的分析方法,并列举了10例故障诊断实例。     

新型农村合作医疗保险制度参保模式研究

当前新型农村合作医疗保险制度实行自愿加入的参保模式,但在实施中产生了“逆向选择”等诸多问题。笔者从制度设计目标和制度变迁模式等角度分析了实行强制保险的必要性,认为目前实行自愿参保仍然是未来一段时间内的现实选择,但是,当新型农村合作医疗保险制度基本覆盖全国农村居民之后,就必须开始着手推进强制保险工作。