This paper provides a Kaldorian interpretation for empiricalregularities of productivity growth at the sectoral level ofthe economy. The statistical evidence is based on a datasetdrawn from internationally compatible time series for employmentand value added in 30 developing countries. Based on novel non-linearstatistical techniques the findings show: (i) a regular patternof positive sectoral employment elasticities with respect tooutput growth; (ii) robust differences across sectors in themagnitude of the employment elasticities; and (iii) employmentelasticities for all sectors that are significantly less thanunity, suggesting strong evidence for increasing returns atthe sector level of the economy. 相似文献
Die Staatsschuldenkrise im Euroraum kann kurzfristig nicht gel?st werden: Die finanzielle Unterstützung für die Schuldnerstaaten reicht nicht aus, deren Austerit?tsprogramme wirken zu restriktiv und die Mitgliedsl?nder sind nicht bereit, auf Fiskalkompetenz zu verzichten. Die Autoren stellen hier ein Konzept vor, das zu h?heren sWachstumsraten und niedrigeren Schuldenquoten in den betroffenen L?ndern führt. 相似文献
Extended accounts of total income and product and associated capital stocks for the United States, in current and constant dollars, are offered for the years 1946 to 1976. They include intangible and tangible capital accumulation and non-market and market outputs in all sectors, services of government and household capital and of unpaid household labor, and opportunity costs of students. Defense and police services are classified as intermediate product; a portion of commercial media services is counted as final product. Expenses related to work are subtracted while the values of employee training and human capital formation and net revaluations of existing tangible capital are added. Total incomes (TISA) net national product was 50 percent greater than official Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) NNP in 1976. BEA gross private domestic investment was only about 18 percent of TISA gross capital accumulation. Intangible investment and TISA net domestic capital accumulation grew more rapidly than BEA net private domestic investment. Household investment has been growing while there have been sharp declines in government investment, particularly in research and development. Contrary to some views of the import of the narrower BEA accounts, total capital accumulation appears to have risen considerably more rapidly than total consumption, 6.3 percent versus 2.2 percent per annum from 1946 to 1976, thus increasing sharply its share of TISA GNP. 相似文献
Using a sample of 714 private family influenced businesses in Germany, we investigate the relationship of goal alignment between owners and managers and the existence of a board of directors. Agency theory and stewardship theory serve as theoretical bases for our study. We find that firms with relatively high levels of goal alignment are less likely to have a board of directors. Our results provide support for the substitution hypothesis of formal by social control mechanisms. Furthermore, the findings show that firms without a board and with relatively low levels of goal alignment have less family members in the top management team. This circumstance might in turn be a trigger for owners to install a board. 相似文献
During the last decade, developing (and some developed) economies have accumulated large amounts of international reserves, mainly for precautionary reasons. This phenomenon has been coupled with insufficient economic growth. The resources being amassed largely overwhelm protective needs, there is an excess of resources that is being wasted, and which could be utilised for alternative productive projects, namely to promote growth. If insufficient aggregate demand can largely explain low growth, it is clear that this excess of international reserves can be used to stimulate aggregate demand. This paper argues that the excess of international reserves represents a potential resource to boost growth. 相似文献
Journal of Business Ethics - We ask what type of neutralization techniques corporations apply to allegations of human rights abuses. We proceed by undertaking a Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA)... 相似文献
Despite the presence of the term ‘entrepreneurial role model’ (ERM) in the discourse on entrepreneurship, existing empirical evidence on the effects of role models is rather limited. By investigating 86 published journal articles, we provide a structured overview of the academic research on role models’ effects on entrepreneurial intentions and behavior. We reveal that prior research focuses particularly on different types of role models (by whom), at which stage of life (when) and in which context the exposure to role models occurs. We use these research areas to structure our review. By expanding the understanding of the current state of ERM research, we reveal research gaps and provide future research recommendations. Our work could help policy makers and educators consider the different types of role models, the sociocultural context and the life cycle stage of the participants in structuring their entrepreneurship education programs.
We introduce several notions of potentials for mechanism design problems with interdependent values, and relate them to implementation
in ex-post equilibrium. Whereas ex-post implementation is closely linked to the ordinal concept of best-alternative potentials, the celebrated Vickrey–Clarke–Groves mechanism corresponds to the stronger notion of a cardinal potential: agents agree not only on the best alternative, but also on the quantitative differences between all alternatives. We characterize
all valuations that allow for cardinal potentials, and use this characterization for: (1) Identifying valuations for which
ex-post implementation is possible; (2) Identifying classes of valuations for which all ex-post implementable choice rules
correspond to cardinal potentials. The latter allows us to extend to interdependent valuations a result for dominant strategy
implementation in private values settings, due to Roberts (The Characterization of Implementable Choice Rules, North-Holland,
Amsterdam, 1979).
We wish to thank an associate editor, two anonymous referees, Paul Milgrom and Burkhard Schipper for helpful comments and
stimulating remarks. 相似文献
Quality & Quantity - Demographic aging puts social insurance systems under immense pressure as frailty risks increase with age. The statutory long-term care insurance in Germany (GPV), whose... 相似文献