Giorgio Riello. A Foot in the Past: Consumers, Producers and Footwear in the Long Eighteenth Century

Through a case study of London's footwear trades, Giorgio Rielloventures to establish the interrelationship of consumption,retailing, and production in the (very) long eighteenth century.Documenting continuity and change from the 1650s to the 1890s,he addresses such disparate themes as fashion history, consumerism,retailing, urban and architectural history, credit and capital,craft organization, and industrialization. Riello succeeds admirablyin demonstrating that productive change is inextricably relatedto both consumption and distribution. And, he makes compellingclaims for     

EXAMINATION OF A PATH MODEL RELATING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE WITH FIRM PERFORMANCE

This article draws on the resource‐based view of the firm to investigate the mechanisms through which information technology (IT) impacts firm performance. Research suggests that the relationship between IT and firm performance may be both direct and indirect. In this study, a path model is tested that proposes a firm's IT infrastructure resources as having both a direct impact on organizational performance, as well as an indirect effect that is propagated through its impact on an intermediate organizational resource, a firm's logistics information system (LIS). The results suggest that positive firm performance may be derived directly from an organization's superior IT infrastructure, as well as indirectly, through its enabling impact on LIS's. These findings contribute to our understanding of the nature of the relationship between IT and firm performance by exploring the value of IT at both the process and organizational levels.     

Reflections Upon the Experience of Longitudinal Research into Cultural Event Production in a Developing Destination

Longitudinal studies have the capacity to provide more nuanced explanations of tourism and event phenomena, taking account of complexity, change and context. This paper is a self‐reflexive, methodological study of research practice. It investigates my experience of engaging with cultural event producers in an emerging destination over a seven‐year period. Focussing on my research journey, it considers the social and relational dynamics associated with longitudinal research. Reciprocal relations and co‐production of cultural events reveal nuanced information and expose fluid relationships and networks. Long‐term engagement uncovers evolving practices and develops understanding of event processes embedded within their wider context. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In search of lost leisure: the impact of caregiving on leisure travel

One of the fastest growing market segments of the tourism industry over the last two decades is made up of consumers 55 years of age and older. As we enter the new millennium, over 50 million of these “mature adults” will find themselves on the edge of retirement, equipped with the freedom and financial means to travel, but restricted by a loved one who may become ill or disabled. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of caregiving on the leisure travel behaviors of family caregivers and their care-recipients. Qualitative data collection and analysis methods were employed. In addition to identifying impediments (physical, social, emotional) to pursuing or maintaining leisure travel for caregivers of older adults, the qualitative analysis yielded other emergent themes such as changes in patterns and types of leisure travel, entitlement, resentment, and anger. Implications and recommendations for researchers and practitioners are included.     

The size and development of the shadow economy: An empirical investigation from states of India

Using the state level data from India, this paper investigates the size of the hidden economy in Indian states over the period 1974/75 to 1995/96. Our analysis has shown that after liberalization of the Indian economy in 1991/92, the growth in the size of the hidden economy has decreased on an average. Our results show that the growth in the size of the hidden economy is approximately 4% less in scheduled election years than in all other years. We also demonstrate that the growth is significantly lower in those states where the coalition government is in power. An increased growth of newspapers and the literacy rates translate to cleaner governance, e.g. to fewer amounts of shadow economy activities in the economy.     

Optimal growth with many consumers

A method is described for constructing all Pareto-optimal allocations for a dynamic economy with many heterogeneous consumers, under certainty, in which both the technology and consumer preferences are recursive but preferences need not be additively separable over time. Optimal (perfect foresight competitive equilibrium) allocations are obtained through the study of a dynamic program. For an economy with one consumption good, sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a unique interior stationary distribution of consumption and wealth. For a two-person exchange economy, sufficient conditions are given for the global asymptotic stability of the unique interior stationary point.     

The intelligibility of supplier information

This paper describes a study in which the intelligibility of supplier information was investigated from a consumer viewpoint. A sample of 123 randomly selected subjects were given eight automobile brochures and asked to rate the manufacturer information on four automobile characteristics which are highly important to consumers.In order to measure intelligibility one subjective and one objective indicator were chosen. The subjective rating scores indicate considerable differences among the characteristics. As the ratings of a list of intelligibility items demonstrate, a negative scoring was especially due to a lack of explanation of technical terms and furthermore to the fact that in the subjects' view, much of what was said in the brochures could have been left out. The hit rate, which was taken as an objective indicator of intelligibility, shows that on average for all subjects and topics under consideration nearly half of the information actually given in the brochures was not made use of as it could not be identified as relevant.This unduly high amount of wasted information can be reduced only when the suppliers of information become aware of — and take into account — the readers' dissatisfaction with unnecessary information.

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Die Verständlichkeit von Anbieterinformationen

Zusammenfassung Der Erfolg jeder Art von Kommunikation hängt von verschiedenen Faktoren, darunter nicht nur von Inhalt, sondern auch von der Präsentation der ausgesandten Information ab. Der Informationsempfänger kann die an ihn gerichtete Botschaft nur dann entschlüsseln, wenn sie für ihn verständlich abgefaßt ist, umgekehrt muß der Informationssender den Kriterien der Verständlichkeit von vornherein Rechnung tragen, wenn seine Information den gewünschten Zweck überhaupt erreichen soll. Die vorgelegte Studie hat zum Ziel, die Verständlichkeit gegebener Anbieterinformationen aus der Sicht der Konsumenten zu überprüfen und daraus Vorschläge für eine verständlichkeitsfördernde Aufbereitung der Informationen abzuleiten.Im Mittelpunkt des empirischen Vorgehens standen Anbieterinformationen, die in Prospekten enthalten sind. Beispielhaft wurde getestet, ob Herstellerinformationen in Automobilprospekten von den Prospektnutzern herausgefunden und entscheidungsbezogen umgesetzt werden können, und ob diese Informationen von den Konsumenten als verständlich bewertet werden. Im Rahmen einer schriftlichen Befragung wurde 123 zufällig ausgewählten Personen mit Führerschein eine Stichprobe von 8 Automobilprospekten zur Durchsicht nach 4 vorgegebenen Themenbereichen vorgelegt. Bei der Auswertung wurden ein subjektiver und ein objektiver Verständlichkeitsindikator unterschieden.Das subjektive Urteil der Befragten signalisiert erhebliche Unterschiede im Grad der Verständlichkeit der Informationen zwischen den einzelnen Bereichen. Die zusätzliche Bewertung einer Liste von 10 bipolaren Verständlichkeitsmerkmalen zeigte, daß wesentliche Gründe für negative Urteile der Befragten darin liegen, daß einerseits Fachwörter in den Prospekten nicht erklärt, andererseits viel überflüssige Worte gemacht werden. Die Findequote als objektives Maß für Verständlichkeit wies aus, daß im Durchschnitt über alle Befragten und Themenbereiche nahezu 50% der in den Prospekten tatsächlich enthaltenen Informationen von den Befragten nicht herausgefunden werden konnten. Dieses unerwartet hohe Ausmaß an fehlangebotenen, weil nicht genutzten Informationen könnte dann reduziert werden, wenn die Informationsanbieter ihre Botschaften verstärkt anwendungsbezogen, den Kognitionen der Verbraucher entsprechend aufbereiteten und durch Streichung von überflüssigen Zusätzen verdichteten.

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Ingrid Gottschalk and Iris Schneider are Research Associates at the University of Hohenheim, Institute 530, P.O. Box 700562, D-7000 Stuttgart 70, FRG.