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91.
The absence of a formal international regulatory mechanism tofacilitate sovereign debt restructuring has long been recognizedas a most serious gap in the architecture of global finance.Why has it proven so difficult to create such a sovereign debtrestructuring mechanism (SDRM) at the international level? Politicaleconomists have devoted relatively little scholarly attentionto this question. This paper attempts to begin to fill thisgap in the literature by examining four failed initiatives tocreate a SDRM over the past century. In place of a realist orstructural Marxist account, the paper puts forward a more contingentexplanation for these failures that highlights three distinctpolitical problems that must be overcome in the constructionof a SDRM: (1) collective action problems on both the side ofsovereign debtors and that of private foreign creditors; (2)basic distributional conflicts embodied in any debt restructuringeffort; and (3) the uncertain behavior of the private creditors'home states. 相似文献
92.
93.
Eric J. Heikkila 《Review of urban and regional development studies : RURDS : journal of the Applied Regional Conference》1990,2(2):174-189
The efficiency and equity implications of mortgage interest deductibility have been studied by a number of authors using models of housing demand that do not account for barriers to residential mobility. This paper examines how one's assessment of that proposed tax reform may differ based on models that do allow for such barriers, using data from Toronto, Canada. We find that earlier works tend to overstate the deadweight loss attributable to the introduction of mortgage interest deductibility, particularly in the short run. 相似文献
94.
Eric Rodríguez 《Journal of Business Research》2008,61(6):640-647
Foreign market entry strategy involves choices about which markets to enter and how to do it. Most of the literature on foreign direct investment reflects an interest in ownership structure decisions and the risks foreign investing firm may face. As recognized in many studies, one set of risks arises from public expropriation hazards, a function of the ability of the host country's institutional environment to credibly commit to a given policy or regulatory regime. Empirical research has shown this hazard to have an impact on ownership levels. This study is a theoretical model that describes how multinational firms face moral hazard risk from their local partners and political risk from the host country when they decide to go abroad in a joint-venture alliance. I found that the greater the level of hazard expropriation, the lower the participation of the multinational firm in the final cash flow, except for when the multinational firm has the negotiation power and there is a high level of local investment protectionism. In that case, the multinational firm increases its participation in the final cash flow. 相似文献
95.
Eric H. Shaw 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1990,18(4):285-292
This article reviews empirical studies of aggregate marketing cost and aggregate marketing productivity in the United States.
A methodological comparison is made of five cost studies for 1929 and seven productivity studies covering a period from 1869
to 1968. The cost studies do not clarify—one way or the other—if marketing costs too much or too little. The productivity
studies, on the other hand, despite a variety of methodologies, reveal a rising secular trend over the past century. Thus,
it may be concluded that irrespective of changes in cost, marketing is becoming more productive. 相似文献
96.
Antecedents and Consequences of Cronyism in Organizations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper we discuss cronyism that exists between superiors and subordinates. Cronyism is defined as favoritism shown by the superior to his or her subordinate based on their relationship, rather than the latter's capability or qualification, in exchange for the latter's personal loyalty. We argue that two cultural antecedents, namely particularism and paternalism, give rise to strong ingroup bias and unreserved personal loyalty, which in turn lead to cronyism. We examine the consequences of cronyism at the individual level with respect to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and ingratiation. We also discuss how cronyism affects performance, morale, and inertia at the organizational level. Cronyism can be observed in all cultures; however, its manifestation is likely to vary from one culture to another. 相似文献
97.
International expansion is becoming more imperative in today's marketplace. However, determining which markets best suit a specific company is not a straightforward task. This study tackles the question of how managers should go about identifying, evaluating, and selecting foreign markets. For this purpose, we propose a practical, flexible, and forward‐looking three‐stage template for assessing foreign market opportunities and identifying the most promising international markets. The three stages include determining country responsiveness for a specific industry, estimating future industry growth, and incorporating an industry‐relevant aggregate measure. The study illustrates the tool for three companies from various industries and discusses the implications. The proposed tool offers insights on crucial dimensions for the industry‐specific market potential, and assists managers in identifying favorable foreign markets. This study also addresses the gap in the international market selection literature by developing a new empirical tool for foreign market analysis and selection using longitudinal secondary data. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
98.
99.
Steven J. Miller Eric T. Bradlow Kevin Dayaratna 《Quantitative Marketing and Economics》2006,4(2):173-206
Articles in Marketing and choice literatures have demonstrated the need for incorporating person-level heterogeneity into
behavioral models (e.g., logit models for multiple binary outcomes as studied here). However, the logit likelihood extended
with a population distribution of heterogeneity doesn’t yield closed-form inferences, and therefore numerical integration
techniques are relied upon (e.g., MCMC methods).
We present here an alternative, closed-form Bayesian inferences for the logit model, which we obtain by approximating the
logit likelihood via a polynomial expansion, and then positing a distribution of heterogeneity from a flexible family that
is now conjugate and integrable. For problems where the response coefficients are independent, choosing the Gamma distribution
leads to rapidly convergent closed-form expansions; if there are correlations among the coefficients one can still obtain
rapidly convergent closed-form expansions by positing a distribution of heterogeneity from a Multivariate Gamma distribution.
The solution then comes from the moment generating function of the Multivariate Gamma distribution or in general from the
multivariate heterogeneity distribution assumed.
Closed-form Bayesian inferences, derivatives (useful for elasticity calculations), population distribution parameter estimates
(useful for summarization) and starting values (useful for complicated algorithms) are hence directly available. Two simulation
studies demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
JEL Classification C6 · C8 · M3 相似文献
100.
Tony L. Henthorne Donald P. Robin R. Eric Reidenbach 《Journal of Business Ethics》1992,11(11):849-856
This research examines, in a general manner, the degree and character of perceptual congruity between salespeople and managers on ethical issues. Salespeople and managers from a diversity of organizations were presented with three scenarios having varying degrees of ethical content and were asked to evaluate the action of the individual in each scenario. Findings indicate that, in every instance, the participating managers tended (1) to be more critical of the action displayed in the scenarios, (2) to view the action as violating a sense of contract or promise, and (3) to view the action as less culturally acceptable than did the salespeople.Tony L. Henthorne is Associate Professor of Marketing at the University of Southern Mississippi. Dr. Henthorne has published in such journals asPsychology and Marketing andJournal of Professional Services Marketing.Donald P. Robin is Professor of Business Ethics and Professor of Marketing at the University of Southern Mississippi. Dr. Robin is coauthor with Eric Reidenbach of two recent books on business ethics. Dr. Robin has contributed several articles on business ethics in such journals asJournal of Marketing, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, andJournal of Business Ethics. He is also a frequent lecturer on the topic of business ethics.R. Eric Reidenbach is the Director of the Center for Business Development and Research and Professor of Marketing at the University of Southern Mississippi. Dr. Reidenbach has written numerous articles for such journals asJournal of Business Ethics, Journal of Marketing, Journal of Macromarketing, andJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science. Dr. Reidenbach has coauthored two books on business ethics. 相似文献